Lesson 1 & 2 Flashcards
Define nutrition
Science that studies how body uses nutrients to obtain energy, to promote tissue growth, and/or regulate function at cell/tissue/whole body levels
what encompasses nutrition
Food composition, ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport and function of nutrients and disposal of byproducts
Name the 6 functions of human nutrition
Supports brain function
Growth and development
Homeostatic regulation
Immune function regulation
Provides energy
Repair and regeneration
What are the most abundant molecules in the human body?
What are their respective percentages?
O2 - 63%
C - 18%
H - 9%
N - 3%
True or False: on average men have more fat and protein than woman
False: men do have more protein, but they have less fat than women
What are macronutrients
CHO, proteins and fats - body needs large amounts of them
What are micronutrients
Vitamins, minerals - body needs in relatively small amounts
Essential vs nonessential nutrients
Essential - we cannot live without them and our body does not make them so we need to obtain through diet
Nonessential - still important, but body can make it so it’s okay if we don’t obtain through diet
Is glucose an essential or nonessential nutrient? Explain
Nonessential - although RBCs need glucose due to their dependence on anaerobic substrates to make energy; our body can still make it to provide for bodily processes
What atoms make up carbohydrates? What is the ratio?
C, H, O
carbon:water
1:1
Do dairy products contain CHO? If yes, which one?
Yes it contains lactose
What is dietary fiber? Does it provide energy for our cells?
It is a CHO and is very important for the normal function of the GI tract, but it does not provide energy for our cells.
The microbiota in the gut feed on fiber and can use the nutrients from it
Where does glucose circulate?
In the blood
Glucose is stored as…?
Glycogen
True or false: lipids are water soluble? Name a few substances it is soluble in
No they are not water soluble
Soluble in acetone, chloroform and ether
What makes up the largest proportion of lipids consumed by humans?
Triglycerides
What are the 6 functions of lipids?
Energy storage (adipose tissue) and release
Insulation and padding of internal organs
Cell signaling
Cell membrane formation
Hormone synthesis
Carriers of fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
What vitamins are lipid soluble
A, D, E, K
Name the essential fatty acids
Linoleic acid (18:2 omega-6)
Linolenic acid (18-3 omega 3)
Which essential fatty acid is inflammatory and which is anti-inflammatory
Omega 3 = anti inflammatory
Omega 6 = inflammatory
Proteins are made of what molecules
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and amino acids
How many amino acids are genetically coded via mRNA and incorporated into proteins?
20
How many essential amino acids are there
8-9
True or False: histidine is non- essential in infants
False
Are minerals inorganic or organic substances and can they be classifies as essential and non-essential?
Minerals are inorganic and all are essential to health
Name micro minerals
Iron, zinc, copper, fluoride, iodine, selenium
Are vitamins organic or inorganic
Organic
True or False: all vitamins are fat soluble
False - vitamins are water soluble and fat soluble
Do vitamins give us energy?
No
Which vitamins can be made by human body?
Vitamin D, vitamin K and biotin
is there more intracellular volume or more extracellular volume in the human body?
There is more intracellular volume
What are the components of extracellular volume, list in order from most to least
Interstitial > plasma > transcellular
