Lesson 3-4

Question 1

History:

Answer 1

study of past events. It involves the systematic examination and analysis of events, people, cultures, and societies that have occurred over time.

Question 2

History aims

Answer 2

to understand the causes,
consequences, and significance of past events and their impact on the present.

Question 3

Evolution

Answer 3

refers to the gradual development or change of something over time.

often implies a process of adaptation,
transformation, or improvement in response to changing circumstances, environments, or
influences.

Question 4

OPM (Original Pilipino Music)

Answer 4

blends indigenous rhythms and instruments (e.g., kulintang and gong music) with Spanish guitar influences and modern pop styles.

Question 5

Bands

Answer 5

mix local language and global pop beats, sometimes incorporating themes from indigenous culture.

Question 6

food

Answer 6

Lechon (roast pig) is a
Spanish-influenced dish, but it is infused with local cooking methods and flavors.

Question 7

Pre-Colonial Era (Before 1521):

Answer 7

Indigenous cultures thrived across the Philippine archipelago, with various ethnic groups practicing their own customs, traditions, languages, and arts.

Pre-colonial Filipino societies emphasized oral literature, tribal dances, and indigenous music, often linked to significant events like harvests and weddings. Oral tradition, particularly epics (often contained tales of
heroes, legends, and cultural
values.), are central for understanding Filipino folklore and indigenous cultural heritage.

Question 8

Biag ni Lam-ang (Life of Lam-ang)

Answer 8

Ilocos Region

Summary: This epic narrates the life of Lam-ang, a powerful and courageous hero. From birth, Lam-ang exhibits superhuman traits. The story covers his adventures, including battles against monsters and other challenges, his quest to avenge his father’s death, and his eventual courtship of Ines Kannoyan.

Values: It emphasizes courage, family loyalty, and the importance of justice.

Question 9

Hudhud ni Aliguyon

Answer 9

Ifugao Region

Summary: The epic follows Aliguyon, a skilled warrior from the Ifugao tribe, as he engages in a long battle with his rival, Pumbakhayon. After an extended fight, both sides come to admire each other’s bravery and decide to make peace.

Values: The tale promotes bravery, honor in battle, and reconciliation as valuable cultural ideals.

Question 10

Oyayi

Answer 10

awit sa pagpapatulog.

Question 11

Tikam/tagumpay/kumintang/Sambotani–

Answer 11

awit sa pakikidigma.

Question 12

Spanish Colonial Period (1521–1898):

Answer 12

Spanish colonization brought Catholicism, the Spanish language, and European influences on the Philippines.

The union of Spanish and indigenous
cultures gave rise to unique art forms such as folk dances like the Tinikling and cultural
practices like the Pasyon. Religious festivals, such as the Feast of the Santo Niño and Semana Santa, became deeply ingrained in Filipino culture.

Question 13

Fiestas (Filipino culture with Spanish
influence)

Answer 13

with patron saints in the calendar days.

Question 14

Curra Paroco (Filipino culture with Spanish
influence)

Answer 14

or parish priests and the parishes in
every municipality.

Question 15

Padrino System (Filipino culture with Spanish influence)

Answer 15

is the value system where one gains favor, promotion, or political appointment through family affiliation

Question 16

Filipino Last Names

Answer 16

derived from Spanish words.

Question 17

Popular culture created and used by the spaniards

Answer 17

via plays and literature to get the heart of the natives and win it. “the pasyon, sinakulo, and korido ensured the acceptance and spread of Christianity, and the komedya (Moro-Moro) and awit did the same for the monarchy. These forms of literature and performance were used as tools to propagate loyalty to the Spanish monarchy and Catholicism.

Question 18

komedya (Moros).

Answer 18

is a type of theatrical performance
that dramatized conflicts between Christians and Muslims.

It often glorified the Spanish monarchy and Catholicism, portraying Christian heroes, who were often aligned with the Spanish Crown, triumphing over non-Christian or “Moorish” characters.

Question 19

Example of Komedya: Prinsipe Baldovino

Answer 19

tells the story of Prince Baldovino, a Christian knight who goes on heroic adventures, fighting against Muslims and other enemies of the Christian faith, ultimately defending the monarchy and the church.

Question 20

Awit

Answer 20

is a form of narrative poetry that was also used to promote the monarchy by focusing on stories of chivalric heroes, often linked to royalty and their valor in defending the
realm.

Question 21

“Florante at Laura” by Francisco Balagtas (1838):

Answer 21

Though this famous awit uses allegory to critique colonial oppression, it is set in a fictional European monarchy and tells the story of Prince Florante and Princess Laura.

Florante, a valiant warrior, defends his kingdom against invaders, upholding the ideals of loyalty, honor, and love for his
country, symbolizing the defense of the monarchy.

Question 22

Ibong Adarna

Answer 22

This awit features a legendary bird with
magical healing powers and is intertwined
with a royal family’s quest. It depicts a king’s sons undertaking trials to save their kingdom, reflecting the importance of noble heritage, the struggles of princes, and the concept of rightful rule.

Question 23

Pasyon

Answer 23

a narrative poem that recounts the passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is typically sung or recited during the Lenten season, especially during Holy Week.

Question 24

Sinakulo

Answer 24

is a stage play or dramatic performance that reenacts the life, passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is performed as part of the observance of Holy Week, often in the form of a long play, and is a
more theatrical expression of the events depicted in the pasyon.

Question 25

Korido

Answer 25

often based on European legends or historical figures and features Christian knights, love, and battles, reflecting
the influence of Spanish literature.