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ORTHO > Lesson 3&4 > Flashcards

Lesson 3&4 Flashcards

1
Q

During this stage the mandible is bigger than the maxilla

A

During fetal life

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2
Q

In what week during the fetal life, the maxilla overlaps the madible?

A

8th week

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3
Q

In what week ( during the fetal life) the upper is equal to the lower jaws

A

11th week

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4
Q

During the fetal life, in what week does the mandibular growth lags behind maxilla?

A

13th & 20 week

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5
Q

True or false

At birth. the mandible tends to be retrognathic relative to the maxilla

A

True

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6
Q

Underdeveloped; with tooth buds

A

Alveolar bone

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7
Q

large; projects over the condyle

A

Coronoid process

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8
Q

minimal develooment

A

Condyle

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9
Q

short/ low/wide

A

Rami

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10
Q

Main sites of postnatal growth of mandible

A
  1. condylar cartilage
    • 2. posterior border of rami
    • 3. alveolar ridges
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11
Q

What month or year:

symphyseal cartilage Is replaced by bone

A

4 months-1 year

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12
Q

What month or year:

growth is selective

A

4 months - 1 year

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13
Q

What year?

appositional growth bone remodelling

A

1st year

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14
Q

> Overall Increase in size

> Selective growth

A

Changes in the mandible after 1 year

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15
Q

growth:
downward and forward

A

Changes in the mandible after 1 year:

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16
Q

Bone deposition:
lingual surface
»> growth superiorly, posteriorly and medially

A

Development of the mandible according to the V principle

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17
Q

True or false

Growth in height is completed first

A

False

Growth in WIDTH is completed first

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18
Q

What is completed first up to the last?

Height
Width
Lenght

A

1.width
2. Length
3. Height

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19
Q

Completed before adolescent growth spurt

A

Growth in Width

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20
Q

• Little change in intercanine width increase after ________.

A

12 years

(Growth in Width)

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21
Q

In Growth in Width, where is the Deposition, and resorption:

A

Deposition: Outer surface of the
mandible

resorption:
inside

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22
Q

Continues through puberty

A

Growth in Length of mandible

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23
Q

Growth in Length of mandible

age of girl:

A

14-15years

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24
Q

Growth in Length of mandible

age of boys:

A

18-19 years

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25
Q

Posterior drift along ramus

A

Growth in Length of mandible

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26
Q

Growth in Height and Thickness of Mandible

Depostion:

A

alveolar process with the developing dentition and condyle

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27
Q

Alveolar process grows in a ______ and ______

A

upward, outward

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28
Q

Alveolar process grows in a upward and outward

A

Growth in Height and Thickness of Mandible

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29
Q

To accommodate the permanent teeth

A

Growth in Height and Thickness of Mandible

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30
Q

Peaks at puberty

A

Growth at the Condyle

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31
Q

Stops at 20 years old

A

Growth at the Condyle

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32
Q

Endochondral growth

A

Growth at the Condyle

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33
Q

Growth by expanding V principle : Outward, backward

A

Growth at the Condyle

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34
Q

lengthens vertically

A

Growth at the Coronoid Process

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35
Q

Growth at the Coronoid Process

Lingual:
Buccal:

A

• Lingual:
Deposition (medial, superior posterior growth)

• Buccal:
resorption

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36
Q

medial, superior posterior growth

A

Lingual (deposition)

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37
Q

In Ramus uprighting

Posterior border:

Anterior border:

A

Posterior border: deposition

• Anterior border: resorption

38
Q

At what age the greatest increase in size of the mandible occur

A

6

39
Q

After age 6, the greatest increase in size of the mandible occur ______ to the _____

A

distal, first molars

40
Q

> created by resorption of the anterior border of the ramus

A

Arch length space for the permanent 6’s and 7’s

41
Q

Four dimensions of facial growth

A
  1. vertical growth
  2. length
  3. width
  4. time
42
Q

In facial growth, Vertical growth means?

A

Height

43
Q

In facial growth, length means?

A

antero-posterior; depth; sagittal

44
Q

In FACIAL GROWTH, width means?

A

(transverse)

45
Q

Completed before ( 9-10 years) adolescent growth spurt

A

Transverse growth

46
Q

Minimally affected by adolescent growth changes

A

Transverse growth

47
Q

•Ex 13 year old girl with Class Ill skeletal malocclusion&raquo_space; interception is ruled out but maxillary expansion after suture closure is possible

A

Transverse growth

48
Q

True or false

In Transverse growth it is Completed after ( 9-10 years)

A

False

Transverse growth Completed BEFORE( 9-10 years)

49
Q

True or false

Direction of growth has to be considered

A

True

50
Q

True or false

•Sometimes growth is expected downward and forward movement

A

False

•Sometimes growth is not in the expected downward and forward movement

51
Q

True or false

Direction of growth has to be considered

•Can be redirected with extraoral appliances

A

True

52
Q

All dimensions of growth occur in different orders (Hellman)

Face:

Cranium: height > width > depth

4th dimension:

A

Face: width > depth > height

Cranium: height > width > depth

4th dimension: time

53
Q

Terms RELATED TO GROWTH

A

GROWTH FIELDS

GROWTH SITE

GROWTH CENTER

REMODELLING

CORTICAL DRIFT

DISPLACEMENT (TRANSLATION)

54
Q

first 20 years of growth after birth

A

POSTNATAL GROWTH

55
Q

→ outside and inside surfaces of bone
→ covered by soft tissues, cartilage, and osteogenic membrane

A

GROWTH FIELDS

56
Q

more specific than growth fields

A

GROWTH SITE

57
Q

areas of specific bone that have strong impact in overall growth

A

GROWTH SITE

58
Q

→ special growth site which controls the overall growth of the bone
→ ex.: condyle which will influence the growth of the maxilla and
mandible

A

GROWTH CENTER

59
Q

→ reshaping of bone
→ deposition (apposition) and resorption in some areas

o wherever there is deposition, that is the direction of growth

A

REMODELLING

60
Q

→ growth movement or relocation of bone towards area of deposition
→ result of remodeling

A

CORTICAL DRIFT

61
Q

→ movement of bone as a whole from a certain position or place
→ can be:
o primary
o secondary

A

DISPLACEMENT (TRANSLATION)

62
Q

→ movement of bone because of growth that occurs on a specific part of the bone
→ ex.: maxillary tuberosity
o maxilla moves forward because of growth in
this area

A

Primary

63
Q

→ growth on adjacent bone of another structure influences the overall growth of another bone
→ ex.: cranial base
o influences the growth of
the maxilla

A

Secondary

64
Q

Remodeling, cortical drift, and displacement are mechanisms of ____

A

bone growth

65
Q

only two structures that undergo this mechanism of
formation

A

cranial base and condyle

66
Q

a cartilage matrix (template) is filled with blood vessels and
there is formation of osteoblasts which will cause the bone to mature, elongate, or grow

A

ENDOCHONDRAL BONE FORMATION

67
Q

→ cranial vault, maxilla, body of the mandible
→ mesenchymal cells create fibrous connective tissue framework
for ossification

A

INTRAMEMBRANOUS BONE FORMATIO

68
Q

some undifferentiated mesenchymal cells differentiate into
osteoblasts in an ossification center

A

INTRAMEMBRANOUS BONE FORMATIO

69
Q

→ axis of continued growth extending from head to the feet
→ structures of the upper end growth faster or mature earlier
→ later on, there is lesser growth at the head and more maturation
at the lower area of the body such as the limbs

A

CEPHALOCAUDAL GRADIENT OF GROWTH

70
Q

(4) major body tissue systems of the body and percentage of adult attainment at 20 years of age:

A

lymphoid tissues

o neural tissues
o general body tissue
o genital tissues

71
Q

mature early and rise high for immunity of the child and will decrease later on in adulthood. It peaks at 10 years of age.

A

Lymphoid tissues

72
Q

rise suddenly at a young age and slow down at the ages of 6-7 (its peak) and there is gradual or consistent growth from there on.

A

Neural tissues

73
Q

follow a steady course that is slightly delayed compared to other tissues.

A

General tissues

74
Q

peak suddenly during puberty.

A

Genital tissues

75
Q

The maxilla follows the growth of neural tissues, while the mandible follows general tissues.
True or false

A

True

76
Q

for bones with a “V” or funnel shape

A

ENLOW’S EXPANDING “V” PRINCIPLE

77
Q

→ fast and intense increase in the rate of growth in height and weight during adolescence
→ earlier in girls and later in boys

A

GROWTH SPURT

78
Q

THEORIES OF CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH

A

NASAL SEPTUM

SUTURE DOMINANCE THEORY

FUNCTIONAL MATRIX

79
Q

→ Scott

→ area around the nasal septum is the primordium where it all
starts

→ displaces maxilla anteriorly and inferiorly
→ genetic control

A

NASAL SEPTUM

80
Q

. → Melvin Moss
→ most accepted
→ bone grows in response to functional relationships established
by the sum of all the soft tissue matrix associated with that bone
→ genetic factors are not part

A

FUNCTIONAL MATRIX

81
Q

→ intramembranous growth (replaces fontanels) → remodeling due to brain growth

A

GROWTH OF CRANIAL VAULT

82
Q

Age where mostly secondary to pneumatization of frontal sinuses and thickening of anterior part of the frontal bone

A

15 years and adulthood (GROWTH OF CRANIAL VAULT)

83
Q

→ Skeletal Class II relationship
→ excessive midface growth

A

Large/Long Cranial Base

84
Q

→ Skeletal Class III relationship
→ decreased midface growth

A

Low/Short Cranial Base

85
Q

→ displacement of maxillary complex
→ growth at sutures

A

POSTNATAL GROWTH OF THE MAXILLA

86
Q

→ intramembranous ossification
→ strong influence of the cranial base (up to 6 years)
→ surface remodeling (7 years and beyond)

A

GROWTH OF MAXILLA

87
Q

bone deposition at posterior portion of maxillary tuberosity

A

GROWTH OF LENGTH OF MAXILLA

88
Q

→ bone deposition of alveolar process as teeth erupt
→ palatal remodeling

A

GROWTH IN HEIGHT OF MAXILLA

89
Q

→ the downward and forward displacement of maxilla allows for the enlargement of the nasal and oral pharynx

A

GROWTH OF NASAL AIRWAY

90
Q

→ 16th week
→ rapid downward growth
→ everything is resorptive except the medial part

A

GROWTH OF MAXILLARY SINUS

91
Q

→ with its growth, the nasal region is enlarging anteriorly,
affecting the nose and making the face deeper anterior-posteriorly

A

GROWTH OF THE CHEEK BONE & ZYGOMATIC ARCH

ORTHO (7 decks)

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