Lesson 3 Flashcards
Film thickness
• 175 – 300 µm
an essential component of radiographic imaging, providing high-resolution images through a well-controlled manufacturing process. Its spectral response and physical properties are carefully designed to ensure optimal performance and diagnostic accuracy.
Xray film
is the outermost layer of a radiographic film. It is made of a thin, hard gelatin covering that encloses and protects the emulsion layer beneath it.
Super coat
Thickness of supercoat
2.5 micrometers
plays a critical role in ensuring the durability and longevity of radiographic films by protecting the delicate emulsion from physical and chemical damage. This allows for reliable image quality while ensuring that the film withstands handling, storage, and processing conditions.
Supercoat layer
is the core component of radiographic film, responsible for capturing the latent image during exposure to x-rays or light. This layer’s composition and structure are pivotal in determining the film’s sensitivity, contrast, and resolution.
Emulsion layer
Components of emulsion layer
Gelatin and silver halide crystals
Thickness of emulsion layer
5-10 micrometers
also known as the substratum or subbing layer, is a vital component of radiographic film, situated between the emulsion and the base.
Adhesive layer
as its foundational support, providing a stable structure onto which the emulsion layer is coated.
Base
Since the 1960s, it has been the preferred material for radiographic film bases. It offers superior strength, flexibility, and dimensional stability, ensuring consistent image quality and ease of handling.
Polyester
Thickness of film base
150 to 300 micrometers (µm)
-The most commonly used film in medical radiography, designed to be used in conjunction with radiographic intensifying screens.
-Available in blue-sensitive or green-sensitive variants, depending on the spectral emission of the intensifying screens used.
-for General radiography.
Screen film
• Description: Designed for use without intensifying screens, this film type has a thicker emulsion and a higher concentration of silver halide crystals to enhance direct X-ray interaction.
• Applications: Primarily used for imaging thin body parts, such as extremities.
Direct-Exposure Film
refers to the degree of difference between the light and dark areas on a radiograph, influencing the visibility of anatomical structures.
Contrast
indicates the sensitivity of the film to radiation or light, affecting the exposure required to produce an image.
Film speed
ensures that the light emitted by the intensifying screen corresponds with the film’s sensitivity spectrum.
Spectral matching
are incorporated into the film to prevent light from scattering within the film layers, which can degrade image sharpness.
Anticrossover and Antihalation Dyes:
used in double-emulsion films to prevent light from crossing between emulsions,
Anticrossover dyes
in single-emulsion films absorb light passing through the emulsion, preventing reflection back into the emulsion layer.
antihalation dyes
Emits orange-brown light suitable for blue-sensitive films.
Amber Filter (e.g., Kodak Wratten Series 6B Filter)
Emits dark-red light appropriate for both green-sensitive and blue-sensitive films.
Red filter (Kodak GBX Filter)
-Specialized single-emulsion film designed for mammography.
-Provides high contrast and fine detail to detect subtle differences in breast tissue.
-Breast imaging.
Mammographic film
• Description: Small-sized films tailored for dental radiography.
• Characteristics: Available in various speeds and sizes to accommodate different dental imaging needs.
• Applications: Intraoral and extraoral dental imaging.
Dental film
• Description: Motion picture film used to record dynamic imaging studies.
• Characteristics: Capable of capturing moving images at high frame rates.
• Applications: Angiography and fluoroscopic procedures.
Cine film
• Description: Film used to capture static images during dynamic fluoroscopic examinations.
• Characteristics: Provides high-resolution images of specific areas of interest.
• Applications: Gastrointestinal studies and interventional procedures.
Spot film
• Description: Film used in laser printers to produce hard copies of digital images.
• Characteristics: Designed to work with laser imaging systems, offering high image quality and stability.
• Applications: Printing images from modalities like CT, MRI, and digital radiography.
Laser printing film
• Description: Film used to create duplicates of existing radiographs.
• Characteristics: Features a solarized emulsion that reverses image densities during exposure.
• Applications: Archiving and sharing patient images.
Copy/Duplicating Film:
• Description: Film used in dosimetry to monitor radiation exposure.
• Characteristics: Sensitive to a wide range of radiation energies, providing a record of cumulative exposure.
• Applications: Personnel monitoring and environmental radiation assessment.
Radiation Monitoring Film
• Description: Film that does not require wet processing, used in some modern imaging systems.
• Characteristics: Utilizes heat or pressure to develop the image, eliminating the need for chemical processing.
• Applications: Portable imaging systems and situations where traditional processing is impractical.
Dry transfer film
Intentional imperfections, often introduced using silver sulfide, act as sites where latent image formation begins by attracting free silver ions during exposure.
Sensitivity specks
