LESSON 3 Flashcards
It refers to whole component of Gun powder, Primer, Cartridge casing , and Bullet.
Ammunition
In year 1635, the first cartridge was invented by _____________These were simple packages, which he furnished to his troops, during the 30 years’ war. I
King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
He patent first cartridge /invented another cartridge. Original cartridges were not the brass gilding - metal tipped units, but a paper cartridge.
Benjamin Houllier
a French gunsmith invented the 1” pin fire catridge
Casimir Lefaucheux
Louise Nicolas A. Flobert came also from France developed one of the earliest cartridges known as Flobert Cartridges that became the forerunner of?.
American Rim fire ammunition
- Also called slug, this is the projectile propelled from a firearm by means of the expansive force of gases coming from burning gunpowder.
Bullet
- Also called shell, this is the tubular metallic container for the gunpowder.
Cartridge Case
- this is the powder charge intended to be burned thus generating an energy that will launch the bullet.
- other term of gun powder
Propellant
- also called percussion, this is composed of the metal cup and priming mixture which is highly sensitive. Striking the primer cup produces a spark that ignites the priming mixture which eventually caused the combustion of gunpowder.
Primer
- This a carefully made replica of a cartridge, usually made of steel and discreetly dimensioned to be used by weapons instructors, inspectors and repairmen when checking if weapons are functional.
- Fake and in brightly color
- no bullet, gun powder and propellant
-for educational purposes and proper handling
Dummy
- This type of ammunition is completely inert and without an explosive propellant. It is used in military training to practice loading and manipulation of firearms.
- no gunpowder and propellant
- provoke loading and unloading
Drill ammo
- This is a cartridge without a bullet. It may contain gunpowder and priming mixture thus designed to produce gunshot to indicate firing. This is used for theatrical performance and military training.
- simulation of true gunshot
Blank ammo
- This is the real ammunition since it is composed of a complete unit of unfired cartridge.
Live ammo
this type of ammunition has a rimmed base and a straight case which allows the bullet to be rammed the chamber of the revolving cylinder. The rim is designed to limit the forward travel of the cartridge straight inside the chamber. The case is traditionally made of brass.
Revolver Cartridge
this type of ammunition has extractor’s groove instead of a rimmed base. The groove allows easier loading and extracting before and after firing the cartridge.
Pistol Cartridge
this type of cartridge has a bottle-neck Shape. It has longer case for large powder capacity and increased power.
Assault Rifle or Hunting Rifle Cartridge
This type of ammunition is for shotguns. The case of this ammunition is generally made of plastic with a metallic base. It usually contains several pellets, although special types of shotgun ammo may be loaded with single slugs.
Shot Shell or Shotgun Cartridge -
- This is a special type of ammo. The gunpowder serves as casing of the bullet. The entire cartridge is coated with varnish or similar material to protect it from moisture and moderate shocks.
Case-less Cartridge
can be used in handguns and rifles. Its advantage lays essentially its small weight and optimized volume. It is more sensitive to moisture and shocks compared to cased ammo. It cannot be adapted for use in revolvers because the chamber of the cylinder of the revolver is smooth from side to side and it’s the case that holds the round.
Case-less ammo
- The design of cartridges for revolvers, shotguns, and some rifles. The cartridge has a rimmed base - that is the rim diameter is obviously wider than the case diameter, and it has no extracting groove. Examples are the .38 caliber and .22 caliber cartridges for revolvers.
Rimmed Cartridge
- The rim is slightly wider than the case. Examples are the .25 caliber, .32 auto and super .38 cartridges for semi-automatics.
- use for lever action and pump action rifles
Semi-rimmed Cartridge
- The type of cartridge which is true to pistol and rifle ammunition. The cartridge case and the rim have equal diameter. Examples are the .45 cartridge and 9mm cartridges for semi-automatic pistols, and 5.56mm and 7.62mm cartridges for assault rifles.
- same size of cartridge
-process of loading and unloading
Rimless Cartridge
- A rare type of cartridges because the rim has smaller diameter than the cartridge case. Example is the 8x59 mm rifle cartridge
Rebated Cartridge
- The type of cartridge originally designed for machineguns/ magnum caliber. The extractor’s groove is strengthened with another layer of metal to prevent the machine gun’s extractor from damaging the cartridge case. Examples are .338 magnum and 13.9x99 mm cartridges.
- Belted Cartridge
- This is the type of cartridge in which the primer cup is concealed inside the cartridge case.
Pin-fire Cartridge
. Accordingly, this type of cartridge had been used in France in the 1830’s. This cartridge no longer manufactured today.
Pin fire Cartridge
- This is the type of cartridge in which the priming mixture is located at the hollow portion of the rim of the cartridge case. It can be fired if the firing pin strikes the bottom of the cartridge at the rim area.
Rimfire Cartridge
This cartridge type can be identified easily by the smooth base of the cartridge case.
Rimfire cartridge
- This is the type of cartridge mostly used today. The primer cup is centrally placed at the base of the cartridge. The priming mixture is exploded by the impact of the firing on the primer cup which is supported by the anvil.
Centerfire Cartridge
needs mechanical blow against the percussion cap.
manually/ existing with muskets
Percussion
- Cartridge is giving a muzzle velocity of less than 1850 ft/sec
Low Powder
- 1925 to 2500 ft/sec
High Powder
Over 2500 ft/sec-
High Intensity
- A plastic cap that holds the shots.
(outer layer)
Shot Cap (Stirrup)
- A plastic body or hull with mouth closed by die crimp or star crimp, eliminating need for overshot wad. Prior to 1960 paper is used as casing for shotgun ammo.
Tube (Shell or Case or Hull)
- The portion of a cartridge case that is bent inward to hold the shot in place.
- for maintaining pressure
Crimp
- Any chemical compound used that if ignited it will cause tremendous pushing power to bullet or pellets.
Gunpowder or Powder
- A chemical priming compound, primer cup, anvil and battery cup that when struck it ignites the powder charge.
Primer
- A disk made of paper used to hold the powder or shot.
- a barrier between powder component
it separate the gunpowder, primer and pellets - for proper gas distribution
Wad
four kinds of wads;
a. Base wad
b. Under powder
c. Over powder
d. Filler
- It is a small steel or lead pellet of different sizes.
Lead Shot
three types of lead shot;
Drop or Soft Shot
Chilled or Hard Shot
Plated Shot
- It contains pure lead. commonly for shotgun
a. Drop or Soft Shot
- It is lead hardened by antimony
traditionally used for birdshot and buckshot
Chilled or Hard Shot
- It is coated with cupronickel or 70% copper and 30% nickel or steel shot.
Plated Shot
There are three categories of shot;
Buckshot
Slug
Tungsten - Iron Shot
Flechette Shot
- It contains consists of lead balls.
Buckshot
-It is a single slug with angled grooves cut into its side to spin it. This refers to Sabot Slug.
Slug
- formed from powdered tungsten and iron, blended together and pressed into a pellet.
Tungsten - Iron Shot
- It is a cluster of sturdy steel needles with tiny fins at their base to stabilize them in flight.
Flechette Shot
- The cartridge will have a shelf life for more than____ years if components or parts are commercially virgins. The life of ammunitions depends on the manner of storage.
20
- The process of military storage of ammunition or arms. It is done by making a concrete bunker with walls about a foot thick and then covered. Ammo may reach 40 years with no degradation.
Igloo
