Lesson #3

Question 1

the circulatory system has 2 main components

Answer 1

cardiovascular system and lymphatic system

Question 2

it is a hollow muscular organ that is surrounded by pericardium

Answer 2

heart

Question 3

the heart is surrounded by?

Answer 3

pericardium

Question 4

3 layers of the heart and their differences

Answer 4

epicardium - outer; thin, water membrane
myocardium - middle; thick layer of cardiac muscles, delivers blood in the arteries by contracting
endocardium - inner, thin, epithelial cells, lines the valves and interior chambers

Question 5

this chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Answer 5

right atrium

Question 6

this chamber of the heart pumps the blood into pulmonary artery

Answer 6

right ventricle

Question 7

this valve is located between right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 7

tricuspid valve

Question 8

this valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 8

mitral/ bicuspid valve

Question 9

pulmonary or pulmonic valve located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery

Answer 9

right semilunar valve

Question 10

aortic valve located at the entrance of the aorta

Answer 10

left semilunar valve

Question 11

transports the oxygenated blood from the heart andlungs all throughout the body thru the arteries, and thenthe oxygen depleted blood is returned to its origin thruthe help of the veins.

Answer 11

circulatory system

Question 12

receives blood supply thru the left and right coronaryarteries, and coronary veins return the oxygen depletedblood from the heart muscle back to the heart.

Answer 12

coronary circulation

Question 13

partition that separates the right from the left atria

Answer 13

interatial septum

Question 14

separates the right and left ventricles

Answer 14

interventicular septum

Question 15

supplies the blood and also provides drainage from the tissues

Answer 15

coronary circulation

Question 16

sends electric impulses throughout the myocardium which is initiated by the sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 16

electrical conduction system

Question 17

provides the graphical representation of the cardiac cycle’s activity

Answer 17

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 18

When “lubb” is heard, which contracts and which valves close?

Answer 18

contracts: ventricles, ; AV valves close

Question 19

When “dupp” is heard, which relaxes and which close?

Answer 19

semilunar valves close; ventricles relax

Question 20

a rhythmic throbbing resulting from the alternating expansion and contraction of the artery

Answer 20

pulse

Question 21

the force which was exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessel which is measured by the sphygmomanometer

Answer 21

blood pressure

Question 22

chest pain resulting from the reduced blood flow to the heart

Answer 22

Angina Pectoris

Question 23

a murmur sound produced when the aortic leaflets fail to fully open during systole.

Answer 23

Aortic Stenosis

Question 24

an infection that happens when a bacteria enters and resides in the heart lining or blood vessel

Answer 24

bacterial endocarditis

Question 25

results to general feeling or weakness due to insuffcient blood being pumped by the heart

Answer 25

congestive heart failure

Question 26

aka heart attack due to decrease or full stoppage of blood floe that damages the heart muscle

Answer 26

Myocardial infarction

Question 27

inflammation of the pericardial sac

Answer 27

Pericarditis

Question 28

Give 3 diagnostic tests for heart disorders

Answer 28

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes Microbial cultures Myoglobin Potassium (K) Triglycerides Troponin T (TnT)

Question 29

the loop which consists of a system of blood vessels through which blood is circulated to the rest of the body

Answer 29

Vascular system

Question 30

the vascular system has 2 divisions:

Answer 30

pulmonary circulation systemic circulation

Question 31

thick-walled blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body

Answer 31

arteries

Question 32

a small-diameter blood vessel that branches out from the arteries and leads to the capillaries

Answer 32

arterioles

Question 33

tubes with thin walls that carry deoxygenated blood from tissues to the heart

Answer 33

veins

Question 34

a very small vein that collects blood from the capillaries

Answer 34

venules

Question 35

fine hair-like blood vessels that connect arterioles and vein

Answer 35

capillaries

Question 36

layers of blood vessels

Answer 36

tunica adventitia - outer, connective tissue tunica media - middle muscle and elastic fiber tunica intima (inner, endothelial cells)

Question 37

an enlargement of the artery due to the weakening of the artery wall

Answer 37

aneurysm

Question 38

hardening of the artery wall due to aging

Answer 38

arteriosclerosis

Question 39

formation of plaques in the inner wall

Answer 39

atherosclerosis

Question 40

clot or bubble which causes obstruction of an artery

Answer 40

embolism

Question 41

obstruction that is carried and lodged in a vessel

Answer 41

embolus

Question 42

swollen veins in the area of anus

Answer 42

hemorrhoids

Question 43

inflammation of the veins particularly the wall

Answer 43

phlebitis

Question 44

swelling of the veins of the legs that usually occurs during pregnancy

Answer 44

Thrombophlebitis

Question 45

blood clot that impedes blood flow

Answer 45

Thrombus

Question 46

usually found in the legs, these are veins that have bee twisted and enlarged

Answer 46

Varicose Veins

Question 47

Give 3 Diagnostic Test for Vascular System

Answer 47

D-Dimer Fibrin degradation products (FDP) Lipoproteins Triglycerides Prothombin time (PT) Partial thromboplastin time (PTT/APTT)

Question 48

it is the red fluid that is transported through the body through circulatory system

Answer 48

blood

Question 49

2 functions of the blood

Answer 49

arterial blood and venous blood

Question 50

it is composed of plasma and other formed elements

Answer 50

blood

Question 51

a clear, straw-colored liquid portion of the blood which is 90% water

Answer 51

plasma

Question 52

System of classifying human blood by thepresence of antigens A and B and based on theantigenic components found on the surface ofthe red blood cells.

Answer 52

ABO Blood Group System

Question 53

caused by not having enough healthy red blood cells/ hemoglobin

Answer 53

anemia

Question 54

cancer if the blood forming tissues like the bone marrow or the lymphatic system

Answer 54

Leukemia

Question 55

increase of the number of white blood cells in the blood due to illness or infection

Answer 55

Leukocytosis

Question 56

reduced number of white blood cells in the body

Answer 56

Leukopenia

Question 57

the marrow produced too many red blood cells resulting to blood thickening

Answer 57

Polycythemia

Question 58

the body prodces too many platelets which affect the blood clotting

Answer 58

thrombocytosis

Question 59

low platelet count

Answer 59

thrombocytopenia

Question 60

give 3 diagnostic test for blood disorders

Answer 60

Bone marrow examination omplete Blood Count (CBC) Hematocrit (Hct) Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) Differential (diff) Indices (MCH, MCV, MCHC) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Reticulocyte (retic) count ABO & RH type Cross-match Ferritin Iron (Fe) Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)

Question 61

a network of tissues and organs that is responsible for the removal of toxins and waste in the body

Answer 61

Lymphatic System

Question 62

its main function is to transport the white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes throghout the body

Answer 62

lymphatic system

Question 63

it is an excess tissue fluid that filters into lymphatic capillaries

Answer 63

lymph

Question 64

inflammation of the lymphatic channels resulting from an infection at a site distal to the channel

Answer 64

lymphangitis

Question 65

inflammation of lymph nodes

Answer 65

lymphadenitis

Question 66

aka adenopathy; a disease where there is abnormality in the size or number of lymph nodes

Answer 66

lymphadenopathy

Question 67

enlargement of spleen

Answer 67

splenomegaly

Question 68

cancer on the part of the immune system characterized by enlarged lymph nodes

Answer 68

Hodgkin's disease

Question 69

cancer that develops from lymphocytes

Answer 69

lymphosarcoma

Question 70

cancer that begins with lymphocytes

Answer 70

lymphoma

Question 71

3 diagnostic test for the lymphatic system

Answer 71

Bone marrow biopsy Complete Blood Count Culture & Sensitivity Lymph node biopsy Mononucleosis test

Question 72

the stoppage of bleeding as a response to an injury

Answer 72

hemostasis

Question 73

process where blood changes from a liquid form into a gel that forms the blood clot

Answer 73

coagulation/ clotting

Question 74

an enzyme that plays an important part role in coagulation

Answer 74

thrombin

Question 75

the ___ role in the hemostasisis to synthesize cogulation factors such as V, VIII, prothrombin, fibrogen

Answer 75

liver

Question 76

happens when blood clot form s in one or more deep veins, usually in the legs

Answer 76

Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)

Question 77

when the formation of small clots blocks the small blood bessels

Answer 77

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 78

disorder involving lack of sufficient blood-clotting proteinsq

Answer 78

Hemophilia

Question 79

low platelet count

Answer 79

Thrombocytopenia

Question 80

Give 3 diagnostic tests for hemostatic disorders

Answer 80

Bleeding time D-dimer Factor assays Fibrin degradation products (FDP) Platelet function assay (PFA) Prothrombin time (PT) Partial thromboplastin time (PTT or APTT)

Question 81

aka elbow pit, triangular on the anterior of the blood vessel

Answer 81

Antecubital fossa

Question 82

vein arrangement that occurs in 70% of the population

Answer 82

H-shaped Antecubital veins