Lesson 3

Question 1

chromosome

Answer 1

threadlike structures that carry DNA/genes

Question 2

Gamete = ?

Answer 2

reproductive cell

Question 3

haploid = ?

Answer 3

23 chromosomes (half of 46)

Question 4

diploid = ?

Answer 4

46 chromosomes

Question 5

conception = ?

Answer 5

the union of two gametes

Question 6

identical twins embryos have …

Answer 6

identical - 1 egg 1 sperm
same placenta and separate amniotic sacs

Question 7

fraternal twin embryos have…

Answer 7

2 eggs, 2 sperms, and separate placentas

Question 8

timeline (zygote -> fetus)

Answer 8

zygote - 0-2 weeks
embryo - 3-8 weeks
fetus - 9 weeks to birth
baby - afterbirth

Question 9

four processes that bring zygote to a fetus are…

Answer 9

1. cell division (mitosis)
2. cell migration - cells move to where they need to be
3. cell differentiation - cells begin to specialize in their specific function
4. cell death (apoptosis)

Question 10

a stem cell can become…through cell differentiation

Answer 10

muscle, sex, nervous, bone, blood, epithelial, immune, or fat cell

Question 11

Baby’s first support system is made up of…

Answer 11

• amniotic sac
• amniotic fluid
• placenta (semipermeable)
• umbilical cord (tube contains blood vessels and connects the fetus to placenta)

Question 12

exchange between mother and fetus…

Answer 12

mother gives oxygen + nutrients
baby gives carbon dioxide, nitrogen (urea)

Question 13

fetal experience and behaviour - sight

Answer 13

• sight, can see light through pregnant person’s stomach

Question 14

fetal experience and behaviour - touch

Answer 14

• touch, grabbing their umbilical cord, touching their face

Question 15

fetal experience and behaviour - movement

Answer 15

• movement, 5-6 weeks after conception the fetus can spontaneously move, around 7 weeks they can develop hiccups, 10 weeks after conception start practicing fetal breathing

Question 16

fetal experience and behaviour - hearing

Answer 16

• hearing, can hear mom’s heartbeat, if hearing mom’s voice their heart rate will accelerate

Question 17

fetal experience and behaviour - taste

Answer 17

• preference for sweet amniotic fluid

Question 18

around 30 weeks after conception the fetus will..

Answer 18

show evidence of learning visual or auditory stimuli

Question 19

habituation is…

Answer 19

when the response goes down due to boredom

Question 20

dishabituation is when …

Answer 20

the response goes up because there is a change

Question 21

miscarriage vs stillbirth

Answer 21

m = pregnancy loss before 20 weeks
s = pregnancy loss after 20 weeks

Question 22

reasons for a higher risk of miscarriage are…

Answer 22

• age
• health issues, high blood pressure or thyroid issues
• substance issues, drugs or alcohol or even caffeine

Question 23

teratogen is …

Answer 23

an external factor that can cause damage or death during prenatal development

Question 24

two types of teratogens are…

Answer 24

1. drugs
   - antidepressants
   - opioids
   - weed
   - cigarette smoking -> sids
   - alcohol -> fasd
2. pollution
   - toxic metals
   - synthetic hormones
   - plastics
   - pesticides + herbicides

Question 25

dose-response relationship is when…

Answer 25

there is more exposure to a toxin which heightens the severity of effects on the fetus

Question 26

sleeper effect is…

Answer 26

when the impacts of a factor may not be known for many years