chapter 1 Flashcards
plato believed that
children have innate knowledge
aristotle believed that
all knowledge comes from experience and that the mind of an infant is like a blackboard on which nothing has yet been written
john locke viewed the child the same way as
aristotle, they are a blank slate whose development largely reflects the nurturing received from the parents and the broader society.
what did locke believe the most important goal of child rearing was
the growth of character. to build children’s character, parents need to set good examples of honesty, stability, and gentleness. they also need to avoid indulging the child, especially early in life
what did locke believe about discipline
once discipline and reason have been instilled, locke believed authority should be relaxed as as their age, discretion, and good behaviour could allow it.
what did rousseau believe about discipline
he believed that parents and society should give children maximum freedom from the beginning. he claimed that children learn primarily through their own spontaneous interactions with objects and other people
what did rousseau believe about education
children did not need formal education, he thought not until at least the age of 12, when they reach the “age of freedom” and can judge for themselves what they are told. before then, they should be allowed the freedom to explore whatever interests them
what are the five abilities we encompass that kagan believed were innate moral sense
- to infer the thoughts and feelings of others
- to apply the concepts of good and bad to ones own behaviour
- to reflect on past actions
- to understand the negative consequences could have been avoided
- to understand one’s own and others’ motives and emotions
developmental mechanisms can be
behavioural, neural, or genetic
hippocampus
important for learning and remembering
