lesson 3

Question 1

Hydrological Cycle

Answer 1

INFILTRATION
PERCOLATION

Question 2

Most readily occurs through open fractures such as joints in exposed rock
and the gaping cracks

Answer 2

INFILTRATION

Question 3

Once the water has penetrated the surface, it may commence on a downward journey towards the water table

Answer 3

PERCOLATION

Question 4

Fluid Storage and Mobility

Answer 4

POROSITY
PERMEABILITY

Question 5

Is the proportion of void space in the material, unfilled by solid material to
the total volume

Answer 5

POROSITY

Question 6

Measure how readily fluids pass through the material. It is related to the extent to which pores or cracks are interconnected

Answer 6

PERMEABILITY

Question 7

Subsurface Waters

Answer 7

SATURATED ZONE
UNSATURATED ZONE
WATER TABLE

Question 8

phreatic zone is the zone where the voids of the soil are fully occupied by
water. It is where the groundwater is found and at most, a few kilometers
into the crust

Answer 8

SATURATED ZONE

Question 9

Or vadose zone is the zone mostly above the saturated zone, where rocks or soil in which the pore spaces are filled partly with water

Answer 9

UNSATURATED ZONE

Question 10

Is the top surface of the saturated zone, where the saturated zone is not confined by overlaying impermeable rocks.

Answer 10

WATER TABLE

Question 11

Aquifers and Groundwater Flow

Answer 11

AQUIFER
CONFINED AQUIFER
UNCONFINED AQUIFER
DARCY’S LAW AND GROUNDWATER FLOW

Question 12

Is a rock or soil that holds enough water and transmits it rapidly enough to
be useful as a source of water.

Answer 12

AQUIFER

Question 13

Is bounded above and below by low-permeability rocks (aquitards).

Answer 13

CONFINED AQUIFER

Question 14

Directly overlain by permeable rocks and soil

Answer 14

UNCONFINED AQUIFER

Question 15

States how readily the groundwater can move through rocks and soil, and
this movement basely is governed by permeability. Groundwater flows from
areas of higher hydraulic head to lower.

Answer 15

DARCY’S LAW AND GROUNDWATER FLOW

Question 16

Also states that the velocity of the flow of water through saturated soil is directly
proportional to the hydraulic gradient.

Answer 16

DARCY’S LAW AND GROUNDWATER FLOW

Question 17

DARCY’S LAW AND GROUNDWATER FLOW

Answer 17

HYDRAULIC GRADIENT
SEEPAGE

Question 18

Is the driving force that causes groundwater to move in the direction of
maximum decreasing total head.

Answer 18

HYDRAULIC GRADIENT

Question 19

Movement of water in soils.

Answer 19

SEEPAGE