LESSON 3

Question 1

The Etymology of Fact and Opinion
episteme –
doxa –

Answer 1

episteme – knowledge
doxa – opinion

Question 2

the study of how to do philosophy.

Answer 2

Philosophical method

Question 3

lies at the heart of any inquiry.

Answer 3

Truth

Question 4

Plato’s Definition of Knowledge

Answer 4

• is certain
• seeing things as they really are
• based on reality

Question 5

It is not certain and based on appearances

Answer 5

Opinion

Question 6

something that is true and can be verified as such, You can find facts in legal records, scientific findings, encyclopedias, atlases, etc. in other words, facts are the truth and are accepted as such.

Answer 6

Facts

Question 7

Opinion is a statement that holds the element of ____ ; it tells how someone feels. In other words it is what someone believes or thinks, and is not necessarily the truth.

Answer 7

Belief

Question 8

in metaphysics and the philosophy of language, it is the property of sentences, assertions, beliefs, thoughts, or propositions that are said, in ordinary discourse, to agree with the facts or to state what is the case.

Answer 8

Truth

Question 9

a judgment based on certain facts.

Answer 9

Conclusion

Question 10

are statements that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts.

Answer 10

Beliefs

Question 11

are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons

Answer 11

Explanations

Question 12

• originated by socrates. Aims to cultivate good loge through clear awareness of word meaning. It also exposes ignorance and contradictions to arrive truth.
• also called Hegelian dialectics
• it is discourse between two or more people holding different points pf view about a subject.
• proposed by

Answer 12

Dialectical Method
- proposed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich

Question 13

• emerged in 19th century America, focusing on solving real-life problems
• based on practical consequences, emphasizing successful experiences as the verification of the truth.
• Spearheaded by Charles Pierce, popularized by William James, and institutionalized by John Dewey.

Answer 13

Pragmatic Method

Question 14

• It aims to build-free philosophy returning to immediate experience.
• Adheres to phenomenological epoche (suspension of judgement based on assumptions and biases before attaining ataraxy)
• ensures that only facts derived from immediate experience influence philosophical inquiry.

Question 15

• It aims to build-free philosophy returning to immediate experience.
• Adheres to phenomenological epoche (suspension of judgement based on assumptions and biases before attaining ataraxy)
• ensures that only facts derived from immediate experience influence philosophical inquiry.

Answer 15

phenomenological method

Question 16

• It emphasizes personal choice and reflection
  -__________ model highlights two levels of self-examination
• _________- Distinguishing the self from other things
• Delving into the process of thinking itself, leading to a broader self-view

Answer 16

Primary and Secondary Reflection
- Gabriel Marcel
- Primary reflection
- secondary reflection

Question 17

• introduced by philosophers of Cambridge university to clarify philosophical concepts through language analysis.
• Emphasizes logical clarification of thought and the diverse functions of language

Answer 17

Analytic method

Question 18

• also known as cartesian philosophy
• it was inteoduced by French Philosopher and mathematician Rene Descartes

Answer 18

Methodic method