LESSON 3 Flashcards
ability to do work
ENERGY
Organic molecules that store energy
FOOD
How do organisms get energy?
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Use energy from the sun
Autotrophs
Make their own food
a.k.a. producers
e.g. plants, algae, cyanobacteria
Autotrophs
can’t make their own food
“eat” other organisms
Ee.g. animals, fungi, bacteria
Heterotrophs
energy stored in glucose is released in the process
Cellular respiration
store smaller amount of energy energy-carrying molecule in cell
ATP
energy stored is released by breaking of phosphate bonds
Energy giving molecules
Substance that increases the rate of chemical reaction
Catalyst
• Catalysts found in living things • e.g. enzymes
Biological catalyst
in living things that increase rate of biochemical reactions or chemical reactions in living things
Catalyst
Most heavily folded proteins
• Some need the help of non- protein organic compounds called
Enzymes
Cofactors
• NOTE: substrate = substance whose reaction the enzyme catalyzes
• Highly specific
Enzyme substratum complex
Breaking down of glucose into simpler molecules
– 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules
• Occurs in the cytosol
Aerobic respiration: Glycolysis
Cycle of enzyme-controlled reactions • Occurs in the mitochondria (in
eukaryotes)
• Requires the acetyl-CoA from previous process
Creates 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 and many CO
Aerobic
Respiration:
Krebs Cycle
Series of proton pumps on the inner membrane of the
Mitchondrion
Occurs in the mitochondrion
Cristae
Uses the energy from the NADH and FADH2
• Uses oxygen as final electron acceptor creating water mole
Aerobic respiration ETC
