Lesson 27: Immediate Inferences

Question 1

Immediate Inference

Answer 1

An immediate inference is a statement that can be inferred directly from another statement.

Question 2

What is a complement of a term?

Answer 2

The set of all terms not included in the given term. Thus, the complement of the term “P” is “non-P.”

Question 3

What is a converse of a term?

Answer 3

A statement that reverses the subject and the predicate. Only valid for E and I statements.
Examples:
No S is P = No P is S
Some S is P = Some P is S

Question 4

How can you obtain the converse of a statement?

Answer 4

Reverse the subject and the predicate of an E or an I statement.

Question 5

What is an obverse inference?

Answer 5

A statement of the opposite quality with a negative predicate. It is valid for all statements.

Question 6

How can you obtain the obverse of a statement?

Answer 6

The obverse of a statement is obtained by changing the quality of the statement (All changes to No and Some changes to Some…Not, and vice versa) and by changing the predicate to its complement (P changes to non-P).

Question 7

What is a contrapositive inference?

Answer 7

A statement that reverses and negates the subject and predicate the original statement. Only valid for an A or O statement.