Lesson 24: Manage Network Services

Question 1

What’s the relationship between clients, servers, and network service access?

Answer 1

Client software is used to access network services that are provided by server software.

The client and server software use network protocols and standards to communicate with each other.

Question 2

What’s the relationship between a network service and a network port?

Answer 2

Network services are established using a common network protocol.

The protocol specifies which Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port number is used for communications.

Question 3

What’s the primary interface for configuring network service apps?

Answer 3

Internet Accounts preferences is the primary interface in macOS Big Sur for configuring built-in network apps, such as:

• Mail
• Calendars
• Notes
• Reminders
• Contacts
• Messages

Question 4

How does macOS Big Sur use dynamic network service discovery protocols to access network services?

Answer 4

Some devices that provide a network service advertise their availability through a dynamic network service discovery protocol.

Clients who are looking for services request and receive this information to provide the user with a list of available network service choices.

Question 5

Which two dynamic network service discovery protocols does macOS Big Sur support?

Answer 5

macOS Big Sur supports Bonjour and Server Message Block (SMB), including support for the legacy NetBIOS and WINS dynamic network service discovery protocols.

Bonjour is the primary set of dynamic network service discovery protocols that macOS native services and apps use.

Question 6

Which five network file services can you connect to from the Finder “Connect to Server” dialog?

Answer 6

From the Connect to Server dialog in the Finder, you can connect to these services and systems:

1. Server Message Blocks / Common Internet File System (SMB / CIFS) SMB2 / SMB3
2. Apple File Protocol (AFP)
3. Network File System (NFS)
4. Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)
5. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) network file services

Question 7

What is the default file-sharing protocol that macOS uses to connect a Mac that’s running Big Sur to another computer?

Answer 7

SMB is the default, preferred file-sharing protocol for macOS Big Sur.

Question 8

How are items inside the Finder Network folder populated?

Answer 8

The Finder populates the Network folder using information that the dynamic network service discovery protocols provide.

Computers that provide services appear as resources inside the Network folder, and service discovery zones or workgroups appear as folders.

Any currently connected servers also appear in the Network folder.

Question 9

In what two ways can you automatically connect a network share?

Answer 9

To automatically connect a file share when a user logs in to the system:

1. Drag the share from the Finder to the user’s Login Items in Users & Groups preferences.
2. Drag the share to the right side of the user’s Dock, and it will automatically connect when the user clicks the share’s icon in the Dock.

Question 10

How can you verify that a specific network service is available from a service provider?

Answer 10

To verify whether a specific service is available from a service provider, first use the ping command in Terminal to verify basic connectivity.

Then use nslookup, dig, host, or dscacheutil in Terminal to verify DNS resolution.

Then use the nc command in Terminal to verify that the specific service ports are open.

(You should always limit the port scan to the specific ports required for the network service you’re testing.)

Question 11

What are three common troubleshooting techniques you can use when you can’t connect to network services?

Answer 11

Three common troubleshooting techniques you can use when you can’t connect to network services are as follows:

1. Review Network preferences
2. Use network-related Terminal commands
3. Try to connect to different network services

Question 12

What is the first troubleshooting step you should take to diagnose a connectivity issue with the Apple Mail app?

Answer 12

Use the Mail Connection Doctor to check your internet connection or the status of your email accounts.

In the Mail app, choose Window > Connection Doctor and review the status information.

Question 13

How do you stop notifications from a specfic website in the Safari web browser?

Answer 13

To stop receiving notifications from a website, choose: Safari > Preferences, click Websites, then click Notifications.

Find the website in the list, then select Deny.