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Block 4 > Lesson 22 > Flashcards

Lesson 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Five Layers of Earth’s Atmosphere.

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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2
Q

______ is the lowest layer of the earth’s atmosphere.

A

Troposhere

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3
Q

Troposphere

A
  • contains almost all clouds and precipitation - air pressure and density decrease with altitude - temperature generally decreases with altitude
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4
Q

______ is the transition boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

A

Tropopause

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5
Q

________ extends from the tropopause up to 31 miles above the earth’s surface.

A

stratosphere

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6
Q

_____ is a stable layer generally devoid of significant weather.

A

Stratosphere

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7
Q

Stratosphere

A

temperature increases with altitude; stable layer generally devoid of weather

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8
Q

What is standard atmosphere used for?

A

-pressure altimeter calibrations -aircraft performance calculations -aircraft design -weather related processes

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9
Q

Jet Stream

A

relatively strong winds concentrated within a narrow, horizontal band in the upper troposphere

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10
Q

Name the two jet streams.

A

-polar jet stream : 30 & 60 degrees latitude -subtropical jet stream: 20 & 40 degrees latitude

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11
Q

Jet Streams often produce _________.

A

Clear Air Turbulence (CAT)

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12
Q

Water Vapor

A

water in the invisible gaseous form

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13
Q

Evaporation

A

the change of liquid water to water vapor

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14
Q

Sublimation

A

the change of ice to water vapor

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15
Q

Sublimation

A

the change of ice to water vapor

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16
Q

Water vapor constitutes a small percentage of the atmosphere, from trace amounts to _____ by volume.

A

4%

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17
Q

Temperature

A

measure of the hotness or coldness of the air

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18
Q

The air’s capacity to hold water vapor is directly related to its _____.

A

temperature (warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air)

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19
Q

Saturation

A

the maximum possible quantity of water vapor that a parcel of air can hold at any given temperature and pressure

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20
Q

What does saturated and unsaturated mean?

A
  • Saturated: air parcel contains all the water vapor it can hold - Unsaturated: has the capacity to hold more
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21
Q

Dew Point

A

the temperature to which a given parcel of air must be cooled at constant pressure and constant water vapor content in order for saturation to occur

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22
Q

Relative Humidity

A

the ratio, usually expressed as a percentage, of water vapor actually in the air compared to the amount of water vapor the air could hold at a particular temperature and pressure

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23
Q

The difference between air temperature and dew point temperature is popularly called the _______.

A

spread

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24
Q

The difference between air temperature and dew point temperature is popularly called the _______.

A

spread

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25
Q

When the temperature dew point spread decreases, relative humidity _______ .

A

increases

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26
Q

When the temperature dew point spread decreases to _____, the air becomes saturated, and condensation will form dew or fog.

A

zero

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27
Q

Condensation

A

the change of water vapor to liquid water

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28
Q

What is the raw material for clouds and precipitation?

A

water vapor

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29
Q

Cloud

A

a VISIBLE mass of tiny water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth’s surface

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30
Q

When do clouds form?

A

when air is cooled to its dew point and becomes saturated

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31
Q

Cloud Formation

A

a parcel of rising air expands and cools as pressure decreases with altitude; temperature dew point decreases

32
Q

Cloud Dissipation

A

a parcel of sinking air warms as it encounters increasing pressure and is compressed (temperature dew point spread increases)

33
Q

Cloud Dissipation

A

a parcel of sinking air warms as it encounters increasing pressure and is compressed (temperature dew point spread increases)

34
Q

Name the 3 cloud forms:

A

-cirriform -cumuliform -stratiform

35
Q

Cirriform

A

-high level clouds which form above 20,000 ft -composed of ice crystals -thin and white -no significant icing

36
Q

Cumuliform

A

-white fluffy cotton balls or heaps -indicates upward vertical motion or thermal uplift of air -tops can reach over 60,000 ft -may produce icing, turbulence, and other hazards

37
Q

Stratiform

A

-latin for “layer” or “blanket” -featureless low layer that can cover sky -produces widespread IFR weather -little or no turbulence, but can produce icing

38
Q

Which cloud form often produces widespread IFR weather?

A

stratiform

39
Q

A parcel of _____ air expands and cools as pressure decreases with height.

A

rising

40
Q

A parcel of _____ air expands and cools as pressure decreases with height.

A

rising

41
Q

Wind

A

air in motion relative to the surface of the earth

42
Q

The _____ component of the wind is typically very small compared to the ______ component.

A

vertical; horizontal

43
Q

High

A

a maximum of atmospheric pressure on a surface weather chart; also known as an anti cyclone

44
Q

Air flow around a high diverges in a ______ motion and sinks.

A

clockwise (sinking air compresses and warms)

45
Q

Low

A

a minimum of atmospheric pressure on a surface weather chart; also known as a cyclone

46
Q

Air flow around a low converges in a ________ motion and rises causing air to cool and eventually condense into clouds and precipitation.

A

counterclockwise (rising air expands and cools)

47
Q

Air Mass

A

a large body of air that has similar horizontal temperature and moisture characteristics

48
Q

Air Mass Source Region

A

region where air masses originate and acquire their properties of temperature and moisture. these properties are acquired by prolonged contact (days to weeks) with the underlying surface

49
Q

Air Mass Source Region

A

region where air masses originate and acquire their properties of temperature and moisture. these properties are acquired by prolonged contact (days to weeks) with the underlying surface

50
Q

Name the Air Masses temperature and moisture properties of their source regions.

A

–Temperature properties: Arctic (A), Polar (P), Tropical (T) –Moisture properties: Continental (c), Maritime (m)

51
Q

Name the Air Masses temperature and moisture properties of their source regions.

A

–Temperature properties: Arctic (A), Polar (P), Tropical (T) –Moisture properties: Continental (c), Maritime (m)

52
Q

Cold air mass moving over a Warm surface often produce ________ associated with: -turbulence -good visibility -cumuliform clouds and showers

A

unstable air

53
Q

A ____ air mass moving over a cold surface often produces stable air associated with: -smooth air -poor visibility -stratiform clouds, fog, and drizzle

A

warm

54
Q

Front

A

a boundary or transition zone between two air masses of different density, and thus (usually) of different temperature

55
Q

Name the 4 types of Fronts and a brief description:

A

-Cold Front: a front that moves in such a way that colder air replaces warmer air -Warm Front: a front that moves in such a way that warmer air replaces colder air -Stationary Front: a front which is stationary or nearly so -Occluded Front: a composite of two fronts as a cold front overtakes a warm front or stationary front

56
Q

Fronts are usually detectable by:

A

-significant temperature differences -winds -pressure typically decreases as a front approaches and increases after it passes

57
Q

Fronts are usually detectable by:

A

-significant temperature differences -winds -pressure typically decreases as a front approaches and increases after it passes

58
Q

_____ have a steep slope and air is forced upward abruptly.

A

Cold Fronts

59
Q

What are some characteristics of a Cold Front?

A

-narrow band of cumulus clouds, showers and thunderstorms -good visibility -turbulence

60
Q

______ typically have a gentle slope so the air rising along the frontal surface is gradual.

A

warm fronts

61
Q

Characteristics of Warm Fronts

A

-favor the development of widespread layered or stratiform cloudiness and precipitation along and ahead of the front if the rising air is stable -poor visibility -smooth air -steady precipitation

62
Q

At the _____ front, the cold air undercuts the retreating cold air mass associated with the warm front, further lifting the already rising warm air.

A

occluded

63
Q

A ______ front is a boundary between two different air masses, neither of which is strong enough to replace the other.

A

stationary

64
Q

A ______ front is a boundary between two different air masses, neither of which is strong enough to replace the other.

A

stationary

65
Q

Which front moves in such a way that warmer air replaces colder air?

A

warm front

66
Q

Precipitation

A

any of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid that fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground

67
Q

Precipitation Formation requires 3 ingredients:

A

-water vapor -lift -growth process

68
Q

The _____ distribution of temperature will often determine the type of precipitation that occurs at the surface.

A

vertical

69
Q

Snow

A

occurs when the temperature remains below freezing throughout the entire depth of the atmosphere

70
Q

Ice Pellets

A
  • precipitation of transparent or translucent pellets of ice, which are round or irregular, rarely conical, and which have a diameter of 0.2 in or less
  • occur when there is a shallow layer aloft with above freesing temps, with a deep layer of below freezing air based at the surface
71
Q

Freezing Rain (FZRA)

A

rain that freezes on contact with the ground or exposed objects; occurs when there is a deep layer aloft with above freexing temperatures with a shallow layer of below freezing air at the surface

72
Q

Rain (RA)

A

preciptation either in the form of drops larger than 0.02 inch or smaller drops which in contrast to drizzle are widely separated; occurs when there is a deep layer of above freezing air based at the surface

73
Q

The ________ is staffed by controllers and is the designated interface between CWSU meteorologists and:

  • ARTCC controllers
  • FAA facilities within the ARTCC area of responsibility
A

Center WEather Coordinator (CWC)

74
Q

CWSU’s issue: (2)

A
  • Center Weather Advisories (CWAs)
  • Meteorological Impact Statements (MISs)
75
Q

What NWS entity provies consultation, forecast and advise to Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs) regarding weather impacts?

A

Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU)

Block 4 (5 decks)

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