Lesson 2.1: 12 laws of Online Analytical Processing

Question 1

Who worked out the theories of data arrangement, which issued the paper “A Relational Model of data for large shared data banks” in 1970?

Answer 1

Edgar Frank Codd

Question 2

Codd continued to develop and extend his relational model, sometimes with collaboration with who?

Answer 2

Chris Date

Question 3

What form was named after Codd?

Answer 3

Boyce-Codd Normal Form

Question 4

It is designed to define what is required from a database management system in order for it to be considered relational, i.e., an RDBMS.

Answer 4

Codd’s 12 rules

Question 5

T/F? The system must qualify as relational, as a database, and as a management system.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What rule contains all information in the database is to be represented in one and only way, namely by values in column positions within rows of tables.

Answer 6

Rule # 1, the information rule

Question 7

What rule contains all data must be accessible with no ambiguity?

Answer 7

Rule # 2, the guaranteed access rule

Question 8

What rule contains that the DBMS must allow each field to remain null (or empty)?

Answer 8

Rule # 3, systematic treatment of null values

Question 9

What rule supports an online, inline, relational catalog that is accessible to authorized users?

Answer 9

Rule # 4, Active online catalog based on the relational model

Question 10

The system must support at least one relational language that has what syntax?

Answer 10

linear syntax (part of rule # 5)

Question 11

T/F System is not necessarily be used interactively or within application programs to be considered a RDBMS.

Answer 11

False. It must be used both interactively and within application programs (part of rule # 5)

Question 12

T/F? RDBMS does not support data definition operations, data manipulation operations, security and integrity constraints, etc.

Answer 12

False. upports data definition operations (including view definitions), data manipulation operations (update as well as retrieval), security and integrity constraints, and transaction management operations (begin, commit, and rollback). (part of rule # 5)

Question 13

It is a rule where all views that are theoretically updatable must be updatable by the system.

Answer 13

Rule # 6, the view updating rule

Question 14

It is a rule where a system must support set-at-a-time insert, update, and delete operators.

Answer 14

Rule # 7, high-level insert, update, and delete

Question 15

What is meant of a system must support set-at-a-time insert, update, and delete operators?

Answer 15

States that these operators should be supported for any retrievable set rather than just for a single row in a single table.

Question 16

It is a rule where changes to the physical level (how the data is stored, whether in arrays or linked lists, etc.) must not require a change to an application based on the structure.

Answer 16

Physical data independence

Question 17

It is a rule where Changes to the logical level (tables, columns, rows, and so on) must not require a change to an application based on the structure.

Answer 17

Logical data independence

Question 18

T/F? Physical data independence is more easier to achieve than logical data independence.

Answer 18

True.

Question 19

It is a rule where Integrity constraints must be specified separately from application programs and stored in the catalog.

Answer 19

Rule # 10, integrity independence

Question 20

T/F? It must be not be possible to change such constraints as and when appropriate without unnecessarily affecting existing applications.

Answer 20

False. It must be possible.

Question 21

It is a rule where the distribution of portions of the database to various locations should be invisible to users of the database

Answer 21

Rule # 11, Distribution independence

Question 22

If the system provides a low-level (record-at-a-time) interface, then that interface cannot be used to subvert the system. What rule is this?

Answer 22

Rule # 12, The nonsubversion rule

Question 23

Example of the nonsubversion rule? (R #12)

Answer 23

bypassing a relational security or integrity constraint

Question 24

In the mid to late 1990s, businesses found it very difficult to query data out of their recently acquired relational databases transaction systems which ushered the rise of what called?

Answer 24

Online Analytical Processing or (OLAP)

Question 25

one of the critical goals of the OLAP vendors strived to achieve is to what?

Answer 25

Minimize the amount of on the fly processing needed while the user was navigating the data.

Question 26

How the critical goals of OLAP was achieved?

Answer 26

By pre processing and storing every possible combination of dimensions, measures and hierarchies before the user started his/her analysis.

Question 27

Challenges of OLAP

Answer 27

The reliance on IT to manage any changes to the OLAP structure

IT Departments that have a distant over the wall relationship with the business are unlikely to succeed in implementing OLAP

Balancing the right number of dimensions in the OLAP structure.

Question 28

T/F? Under OLAP, it is confusing to have more than 3 dimensions.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

This model doesn’t seek to pre calculate every possible combination of dimensions as it stores the data in a data model that is optimized for live queries. This somewhat replaced OLAP.

Answer 29

Dimensional Relational Model

Question 30

T/F? In Dimensional Relational Model, the user can’t reach up to 50 dimensions to pick and even so, it bats an eye.

Answer 30

False. In DRM, you can give the user 50 dimensions to pick from and not even bat an eye