Lesson 1.2: The Evolution of Database Systems Flashcards
It is a collection of information that exists over a long period of time, often many years.
Database
It is a logical structure of the data
Schema
A database lingo for a question about the data
Query
The DBMS is expected to:
- allow users to create new databases and specify their schemas
- give users the ability to query, modify the data
- support the storage of very large of data over a long period of time
- Enable durability and recovery in case of failures, errors, intentional misuse
- Control access to data from many users at once
The first commercial database management systems appeared in the late what?
late 1960s.
It is a system that is an evolution from the file system
Database Management System
DBMS was standardized in the late 1960s through a report of CODASYL. CODASYL stands for what?
Committee on Data Systems and Languages
What is the problem of the early models of DBMS?
It did not support high-level query languages.
2 database systems in the late 1960s changed significantly following a famous paper written by Ted Codd. What is it?
Relational Database System
Codd proposed that database systems should present the user with a view of data organized as _______ called _______
tables called relations
Can the relational database system support high-level language?
Yes. It greatly increased the efficiency of database programmers.
SQL stands for
Structured Query Language
When was the Relational Database Systems became the norm?
By 1990.
What database system infiltrated the relational model?
Object-oriented features
Originally, DBMS we’re what size?
Large and expensive too. Running on large computers.
Today, what sizes can be a small DBMS size?
As small as the personal computer we use in daily life.
Another important trend is the use of documents, called as XML. What is it?
extensible modeling language
It has become necessary to build structures on top of existing databases. What is the term of this?
Information Integration
One popular approach of Information Integration is the creation of what?
Data warehouses
information from many legacy databases is copied periodically, with the appropriate translation to a central database
data warehouses
Whose function is to support an integrated model of the data of the various databases while translating between this model and the actual models used by each database
mediator or ‘middleware’
three objectives that drove the evolution of database technology
- need to provide greater program-data independence
- desire to manage even complex data types and structures
- desire to provide easier and faster access for users without a background of programming or how data stored in databases
What system was dominant back in 1960s?
File processing
The North American Aviation (NAA) developed a software known as _______ for the Apollo moon-landing project
GUAM (Generalized Update Access Method)
This software is based on the concepts that smaller components come together as parts of larger components until the final product is assembled.
GUAM (Generalized update Access Method)
General Electric however created a software named _____ in 1960s.
Integrated Data Store (IDS) or known as Network DBMS.
CODASYL formed a List Processing Task Force which then renamed to ____ in 1967.
Database Task Group (DBTG)
They defined standard specifications for an environment that would allow database creation and data manipulation
Database Task Group (DBTG)
When was the DBMS usage became a commercial reality?
1970s
Major disadvantages of first-generation DBMS
difficult access to data
very limited data independence
no widely accepted theoretical foundation for either model
the DBTG in 1971 came up with the first definitive report which identified three components namely:
network schema
subschema
data management language
For standardization, the DBTG specified 3 distinct languages namely:
A schema Data Definition Language (DDL)
A subschema DD
A Data Manipulation Language (DML)
The development of SQL was made through what project of IBM?
System R which designed to prove the practicality of relational model
In what year was the multimedia data become increasingly common for databases?
1990s
What database system became important as well in 1990s?
Object-oriented databases
What do we expect for 2000 and beyond?
- ability to manage increasingly complex data types and structures
- continued development of universal servers
- fully distributed databases will become a reality
- content-addressable storage will become more popular
- database and other technologies such as AI and TV-like information services will make access much easier for untrained users
