Lesson 2 (Part 2)

Question 1

the basic function of schools is to ensure that the knowledge of the past and the culture of society gets transmitted from one generation to another. It safeguards continuity or brings about changes to the other social institutions. It aims to produce people who can live harmoniously in the given social environment as well as able to be productive citizens for the economy.

Answer 1

School/Education

Question 2

an organized set of practices, symbols and artifacts
regarding the belief in the supernatural.

Answer 2

Religion/Church

Question 3

There are several reasons why people believe in the supernatural:

Answer 3

a. explanation of the unexplainable

b. meaning and purpose of life

c. continuity of relationship with the people that we care about even after death among others.

Question 4

is a being that is better and more powerful than any
creature in the natural world.

Answer 4

supernatural being

Question 5

Religion/Church can also function to ____________ values, norms, and morals in
partnership with the family and the school.

Answer 5

teach and reinforce

Question 6

“a person can still choose what to adapt, reject, or change.”

Answer 6

as pointed by Geertz

Question 7

a result of the interaction and discourse between a person and society.

Answer 7

The self, or our identity

Question 8

“In return, the way we collectively live, express, and recreate this imbibed culture
reinforces and transforms our society and culture”

Answer 8

(Berger and Luckmann 1991)

Question 9

plays a role in self-concept development as well

Answer 9

Mass/Social Media

Question 10

When these media promote certain ideals, we’re more likely to make those ideals our own. The more often these
ideals are presented, the more they affect our __________

Answer 10

self-identity and self-perception

Question 11

refers to technological devices that reach a large number of
people

Answer 11

Mass media

Question 12

refers to computer-based technology that allows
users to create and distribute information as well as participate in social
networking.

Answer 12

social media

Question 13

Social media tends to _______________. People quickly become hooked on checking
their statuses for comments and likes as well as perusing other people’s posts.

Answer 13

reinforce use

Question 14

Using social media sometimes activates the brain’s reward center by releasing
_____________, also known as the ____________________.

Answer 14

dopamine

feel-good chemical

Question 15

well-being is a positive outcome that is meaningful for
people and for many sectors of society because it tells us that people perceive that their lives are going well.

Answer 15

Health services

Question 16

an organized system of social relationships for satisfying the
human desire of enter­tainment, amusement and play among others.

Answer 16

Recreation

Question 17

refers to the free time that people can spend away from their everyday
responsibilities (e.g. work and domestic tasks) to rest, relax and enjoy life.

Answer 17

Leisure

Question 18

refers to any type of organized physical activity, e.g. soccer, rugby, football,
basketball, and athletics (Gulzar 2021).

Answer 18

Sport

Question 19

Social pyschology is especially interested in the effect with the social group has in the determination of the experience and conduct of individual member.

Answer 19

GEORGE HERBERT MEAD

Question 20

American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist, who is considered one of the
founders of social psychology and symbolic interactionism.

He was a professor at the University of Chicago and one of the leading figures in the early development of the field of sociology.

Answer 20

Mead

Question 21

Theory of Symbolic Interactionism:

Answer 21

1.The “self” did not just come out of thin air.

2. Whether we like to admit it or not, we actually need others to affirm and reinforce who we think we are.
3. Our notion of what is personally important to us is also influenced by the current trends of what is important in our society.

Question 22

George Herbert Mead claimed that the self is ________________

Answer 22

created, developed, and
changed

Question 23

affects who we are, even most of the choices we think we freely make. This influence still affects you even if you move from one place to another and adopt a new perspective.

Answer 23

sociocultural context

Question 24

Social interaction and group affiliation, therefore, are vital factors in creating our _________________, especially our social identity or our perception of who we
are based on our membership to certain groups (Jhangiani and Tarry 2014).

Answer 24

self-concept

Question 25

prominent American
anthropologist known for her work on culture and
personality and her contributions to cultural anthropology.

a key figure in the culture and personality school of thought, which examined the interplay between culture and individual personality development.

Answer 25

RUTH FULTON
BENEDICT

Question 26

was a renowned American cultural anthropologist who
significantly contributed to the field through her ethnographic research and writings.

influential public intellectual
and wrote extensively for popular audiences, making anthropology accessible to the
general public.

She held various academic and curatorial
positions, including working at the American
Museum of Natural History in New York City.

Answer 26

MARGARET MEAD

Question 27

The contention that culture strongly impacts how
the individual views himself.

Human nature is determined by the ideas, meanings, beliefs, and values learned as members of a society.

Answer 27

Theory of Cultural Determinism

Question 28

With the different cultures that exist not only in society but all over the world, anthropologists
suggest that __________________

Answer 28

THERE IS NO UNIVERSAL or RIGHT WAY OF BEING HUMAN; the right way is always
based on ONE’S CULTURE.

Question 29

studying a person’s personality can already provide us with an idea of his/her cultural
background and social upbringing and vice versa (Dia et.al. 2014). This is especially highlighted in

Answer 29

Mead’s “Patterns of Culture” masterpiece.

Question 30

concluded that personal development, especially on gender roles and traits, is not based on biological traits. Most of these roles are
based on cultural expectations.

Answer 30

Ruth Benedict

Question 31

One of the most important and widely read anthropologists of the late 20th century.

One of the founders of symbolic or interpretive
anthropology.

This was an approach to culture that was very similar to
the analysis of literature and art.

was famous for his writing style.

He was widely cited by almost every anthropologist in the 1970s and 80s.

Later, his works were less widely cited because his
approach had been incorporated into the practice of most anthropologists.

He died in 2006.

Answer 31

CLIFFORD JAMES
GEERTZ

Question 32

which are made, communicated, and negotiated by each person to make sense of their lives and interactions

Answer 32

Clifford James Geertz looks at culture as a collection of symbols with
meanings,

Question 33

He was an American sociologist who used the socio-psychological approach to understanding how societies work.

He earned his doctorate at the University of Michigan and taught at the same university as a sociology professor until the end of his life. in his
written work, Human Nature and the Social Order (1902), he discussed the formation of the self through interaction.

Answer 33

CHARLES HORTON
COOLEY

Question 34

a process by which a person develops
is self-image based on how others treat him. Their treatment therefore is like a mirror reflecting one’s personality.

Answer 34

looking glass self

Question 35

Cooley suggested that the looking-glass self is a lifelong mental process that is characterized by three phases:

Answer 35

1. How one imagines how he appears to others. Ex. One may think of himself as
   gaining some extra weight, such as becoming “fat”.
2. How one imagines how others will judge his appearance. People typically think
   of obese people as unattractive. Hence, based on the example given, one will
   conclude that he is unattractive in the eyes of others.
3. How one perceives other’s judgment to be such as pride or shame. In this
   case, one will feel embarrassed or ashamed regarding his “obese” state. This will
   lead to the development of emotional reactions.

Question 36

a subjective process and it is not necessarily in
accordance with what is real.

Answer 36

LOOKING GLASS SELF

Question 37

was a Canadian sociologist and writer, considered one of the most influential sociologists of the 20th
century. His work focused on the detailed study of face-to-face interaction and the subtleties of social behavior.

His work remains a cornerstone in the field of sociology, providing essential frameworks for understanding the complexities of human interaction and social behavior.

One of his concepts and influences is Dramaturgical
Analysis.

Answer 37

ERVING GOFFMAN

Question 38

Goffman believes that people in their everyday lives are very much like actors performing on stage. If one imagines himself doing what goes on in a theatre of
everyday life, he is doing

Answer 38

dramaturgical analysis – the study of social interactions In terms of theatrical performance.

Question 39

He referred to this process of altering how the person presents himself to others as ___________

Answer 39

impression management.