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Systematics lec > Lesson 2 Part 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptive Diversification where most advanced in ciliates and intracellular parasites in Apicomplexa and Microspora

A

Specialization

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2
Q

Adaptive Diversification Have adapted to a wide range of habitats and show great variation and photosynthetic abilities

A

Flagelatted forms

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3
Q

Adaptive Diversification have radiated into a wide range of environments
Have become morphologically diverse

A

Ameboid forms

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4
Q

Supergroups under fornicata

A

Retortamonads and Diplominads

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5
Q

Supergroups under rhizaria

A

Cercozoa, foraminifera, radiolaria

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6
Q

Supergroups under unikont

A

Amebozoa and Opisthokonta

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7
Q

All taxa other than unikonts with two flagella

A

Bikonts

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8
Q

What is under SAR

A

Stramenophile, Alveolata, Rhizaria

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9
Q

What are under excavata

A

Fornicata, parabasalea, heterlobosea, euglenozoa

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10
Q

Its clade is characterized by flattened mitochondria cristae, have one posterior flagellum on flagelatted cells

A

Opisthokonta

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11
Q

Best known unicellular taxa in opisthokonta: (2)

A

Microsporidians and choanoflagellates

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12
Q

Contains metazoan animals? Fungi and some unicellular taxa

A

Opisthokanta

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13
Q

In the group of Opisthokonta this is an intracrllular parasitic fungi

A

Microsporidian

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14
Q

In the group of Opisthokonta, these are solitary or colonial cells that are most likely sister taxon to animals

A

Choanoflagellates

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15
Q

This includes naked and testate amebas and also those with flagelatted stages in life cycle

A

Amoebozoa

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16
Q

Ameboid forms within tye group includes tye plasmodial and cellular slime molds in subgroup ____? (Give its examples)

A

Mycetozoa: physarum and dictyostelium

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17
Q

Testate amebas with lobose pseudopodia

A

Arcella

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18
Q

Naked lobose amebas

A

Chaos carolinense
Amoeba proteus

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19
Q

It is an ameba that kill cells in the human cornea where spread by contact lenses when not properly disinfected

A

Acanthamoeba castellani

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20
Q

This is an ameba that invades the intestinal wall secreting enzymes that attack the intestinal lining leading to amebic dysentery

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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21
Q

Entamoeba found in humans in their intestine ans mouth

A

Instestine - Entamoeba coli
Mouth - Entamoeba gingivalis

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22
Q

Amebas with flattened mitochondria crusta and distinct axopodia with axoneme arranged in hexagonal or triangular sets

A

Centrohelida

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23
Q

Are centrohelida predators?

A

Yes

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24
Q

This is anmwater that is more saline than freshwater but less saline than true marine environments. Often these are transitional areas between fresh and marine waters.

A

Brackish water

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25
Q

One of the green algal lineages that have independently evolved multicellularity

A

Volvox

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26
Q

What type of surface does volvox have?

A

Gelatinous

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27
Q

What parts of volvox acts as a photosensitive receptor

A

Stigma

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28
Q

These are small haploid motile cells embedded in the extracellulsr matrix and what does it forms

A

Photosynthestic somatic cells, spheroid body

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29
Q

These are sixteen large haploid nonmotile cells embedded beneath somatic cells of volvox

A

Gonidia

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30
Q

This volvox has a complete division of labor in its cells

A

Volvox carteri

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31
Q

Have unicellular, colonial, and multicellular green algae; includes cascular and nonvascular plants
Single celled biflagellated algae

A

Viridiplantae

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32
Q

An example of single celled biflagelatted algae of viridiplantae

A

Chlamydomonas sp.

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33
Q

Examples of colonial forms of viridiplantae

A

Gonium sp., Pandorina sp., Eudorina sp.

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34
Q

Three photosynthetic lineages of clade plante

A

Glaucophyta
Rhodophyta
Viridiplantae

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35
Q

Other term for plantae, referring to ancient primary symbiosis with cyanobacteria taht produced chloroplasts

A

Archaeplastida

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36
Q

These are marine testate amebas with intricate skeletons and axopodia to catch prey

A

Radiolaria

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37
Q

How does radiolaria reproduce,

A

Binary fission, budding, sporulation

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38
Q

Radiolaria normally feed on algae or bacteria but some colonial species have _______

A

Symbootic algae

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39
Q

have central capsule that can be ovoid, spherical, or branches and can selerate cytoplasm into inner and outer zones

A

Radiolaria

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40
Q

ancient group of shelled amoebas found in all oceans

A

Foraminifera

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41
Q

slender pseudopodia extending through openings in test then branch out to form protoplasmic net to ensnare prey.

A

Foraminifera

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42
Q

What is the term for protoplasmic net

A

Reticulopodia

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43
Q

Most tests of foraminifera are chambered and made of ______ or aggregates of silica, silt and other materials

A

Calcium carbonate

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44
Q

This phylum has no common body plan and have varied morphology

A

Cercozoa

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45
Q

Former member of phylum cercozoa

A

Radiolaria

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46
Q

Intracellilar parasites of invertebrates and vertebrates

A

Coccidea

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47
Q

Species under class coccidea thay have great medicala nd veterinary importance

A

Eimeria
Toxoplasma
Plasmodium

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48
Q

A genus under coccidea that causes coccidiosis, whose symptoms include diarrhea or dysentery

A

Eimeria

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49
Q

A disease thay is fatal to young fowl due to intestinal parthogenesis.

A

Eimeria tenela

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50
Q

is the stage that succeeds sporogony. The sporozoites inoculated inside the host multiply asexually to form merozoites.

A

Schizogony

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51
Q

Parasite of cats.

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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52
Q

The zoites enclose the tissue cysts that accumulates in large number and stay ineffective for years

A

Bradyzoites

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53
Q

From what do humans does that results to obtain cysts

A

Eating undercooked meat

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54
Q

2% of cases of having toxiplasma gondii have mental retardation that resulted from ____

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

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55
Q

Best known occidia and most important infectious disease to humans

A

Coccidian

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56
Q

Four species that infect humans under plasmodium

A

Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovalae
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium falciparum

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57
Q

These species have episodes of chills and fever every 48 hours

A

Plasmodium vivax and palsmodium ovalae

58
Q

These species have episodes of chills and fever every 72 hours

A

Plasmodium malariae

59
Q

These species have episodes of chills and fever every 48 hours however it is the most common and most fatal

A

Plasmodium falciparum

60
Q

Plasmodium falciparum lead to complication in the brain sucha s?

A

Cerebral malaria

61
Q

Mosquitos that carry the 4 species of plasmodium

A

Anopheles

62
Q

What does mosquitoes inject present in their saliva to their new host?

A

Plasmodium sporozoites

63
Q

What do you call the liver cells

A

Hepatocytes

64
Q

What does plasmodium falciparum penetrate only in one cycle

A

Red blood cells

65
Q

Product of schizogony?

A

Merozoites

66
Q

Digested hemoglobin release dark insoluble pigment called?

A

Hemozoin

67
Q

Have an apical complex that occurs only in certain developmental stages like merozoites and sporozoites

A

Apicomplexa

68
Q

Is apicomplexa endoparasites or ectoparasites?

A

Endoparasite

69
Q

Auds in penetrating host’s cells

A

rhoptries
Micronemes

70
Q

About half are photoautotrophic and the rest are colorless and heterotrophic Chloroplasts possibly acquired by endosymbiosis from a variety of algal sources.

A

Dinoflagellata

71
Q

What coverd the body of dinoflagellates

A

Cellulose plates / valves

72
Q

This species of dinoflagellate catches food with pseudopodia and ingests between plates in posterior groove

A

Ceratium

73
Q

This species of dinoflagellate lives in mutualistic association with corals and other invertebrates anemones and clams

A

Zooxanthellae

74
Q

Only corals with ____ zooxanthellae form____

A

Symbiotic
Coral reefs

75
Q

This is a specie of dinoflagellate that causes red tide

A

Pfiesteria piscicida

76
Q

Its body surface is covered with cilia that beat in coordinated rhythmical manner

A

Ciliophora

77
Q

Short and arranged in longitudinal or diagonal rows along body or oral surface or in bands

A

Cilia

78
Q

Most structurally diverse and specialized protozoans

A

Ciliates

79
Q

Ciliates are not all the time multinucleated. True or flase

A

False

80
Q

How does macronuclei divide

A

Amitotically

81
Q

In this nuclei the genes are never transcribes and divides mitotically

A

Micronuclei

82
Q

This nuclei is where genes are transcribed and maintain visible traits like pellicle

A

Macronuclei

83
Q

In ciliates, this expels long thread like structures when stimulated

A

Trichocysts

84
Q

In ciliates, this realeases poisoon that paralyzed the prey

A

Toxicyst

85
Q

In ciliates many are _____ but soem are ____

A

Commensal
Parasitic

86
Q

This lives in the intestine of human pig, rats and other mammals

A

Balantidium coli

87
Q

These species live in the digestive tracts of ruminants, frogs and toads

A

Entodinium and nyctotherus

88
Q

This causes the fish disease ick that imoacts many exotic aquarium fishes

A

Ichthyophthirius

89
Q

Common free living ciliates

A

Stentor
Vorticella
Euplotes
Paramecium

90
Q

This is commonly used representative for free living ciliates

A

Paramecium sp.

91
Q

Trumpet shaped solitary free living ciliate that has a bead chaped macronucleus

A

Stentor sp.

92
Q

A free living ciliate that has a flattened body and groups fused cilia to function as its levs

A

Euplotes sp.

93
Q

A free living ciliates that has a bell shape attached by a contractile stalk

A

Vorticella sp.

94
Q

Slipper shaped with blunt anterior and pointed posterior

A

Paramecium

95
Q

Symmetry of apperance of a paramecium

A

Asymmetrical

96
Q

Found within the clear ectoplasm that is aroun the granular endoplasm

A

Trichocysts

97
Q

Feeding culture of paramecium

A

Holozoic

98
Q

Types of nuclei of paramecium

A

Kidneyshaped macronucleus with smaller micronucleus

99
Q

How many micronuclei does paramwcium have

A

7

100
Q

How does cilia beat?

A

Forward or backward

101
Q

This occurs when a barrier or disturbing chemical stimuli causes tha paramecium to reverse its cilia

A

Avoidance reaction

102
Q

3 types of repoduction in paramecium

A

Binary fission
Conjugation
Autogamy

103
Q

Self fertilization but no exchange of nucllei

A

Autogamy

104
Q

Division across ciliary rows or kineties. Micronucleus divide mitotically while macronucleus divide amitotically

A

Binary fission

105
Q

Temporary union of two induviduals to exchange chromosomal materials

A

Conjugation

106
Q

Are heterokont flagelatted with two different flagella. It includes palnt like brown algae, yellow algae and diatoms that can di photosynthesis

A

Stramenopiles

107
Q

Species commensal to frogs and once thought to be modified ciliates

A

Opalinds

108
Q

Called slime nets that can be commensal or mutualistic to plants yet parasitic to eel and turf grads

A

Labyrinthulids

109
Q

Presumed to be fungi at first. Well known example if the potato blight

A

Oomycetes

110
Q

Testate amebas with axopodia from the group actinophrydia

A

Heliozoans

111
Q

United by the shared prescence of alveoli, membrane bound sacs beneath cell membrane

A

Alveolata

112
Q

Three phylas under alveolata

A

Phylum ciliophora
Phylum dinoflagellata
Phylum Apicomplexa

113
Q

This phylum under alveolata has alveoli produce pellicles

A

Phylum Ciliophora

114
Q

This phylum under alveolata has alveoli produce thecal plates (armor)

A

Phylum Dinoflagellata

115
Q

This phylum under alveolata which atr intracellular parasites with alveoli that perform several structuralfunctions, sporozoans

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

116
Q

Naked amebas with eruptive pseudopodia that form abruptly

A

Heterolobosea

117
Q

Other term for heterolobosea

A

Ameboflagellates
Schizopyrenids

118
Q

A heterolobosea specie that can have amebic stages that feed on bacteria but transform to flagellated stage

A

Naegleria gruberi

119
Q

This heterolobosea specie lives in hot pools that migrates to the olfactory nerves to the brain causing _____

A

Naegleria fowleri
Amebic meningoencephalitis

120
Q

Two major subohyla of euglenozoa

A

Euglenida
Kinetoplasta

121
Q

What type of chlorophyll does euglenida have

A

Chlorophyll b

122
Q

A specie of euglenida that is abundant in vegetation taht has a spindle shaped flexible pellicle.

A

Euglena viridis

123
Q

Feeding practice of euglena

A

Autotrophic (holophytic)

124
Q

How does euglena reproduce

A

Binary fission

125
Q

Most studied group under kinetoplasta

A

Trypanosoma

126
Q

How is trypanosoma transmitted?

A

Tsetse fly (glossina sp.)

127
Q

Causes african sleeping sickness in humans and results to permanent brain damage

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trpanosoma brucei rhodiesiense

128
Q

Causes sleeping disease in domestic animals

A

Trypanosoma brucei

129
Q

Causes the chagas disease which affects that central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

130
Q

How does trypanosoma cruzi be transmitted

A

Kissing bugs (tritominae)

131
Q

Can cause skin lesions, mucuos membrane disfiguring of nose and theoat along with liver and spleen

A

Leishmania sp.

132
Q

How is leishmania transmitted?

A

Sand flies

133
Q

This includes the commensal and parasitic unicells that lacks mitochondria and goglgi bodies.

A

Retortamonads

134
Q

Lack mithochondira but have mitochondrial genes.

A

Diplomonada

135
Q

Examples of retortamonads species

A

Chilomastix and retortamonas

136
Q

This diplominad inhabits the digestive tract of humans birds and amohibian where infection id by ingestion of cyst

A

Giardia

137
Q

This causes diarrhea to humans

A

Giardia lamblia

138
Q

This has a paranasal body, modified region of golgi body and contains 400 species of phylum axostylata

A

Parabasalids

139
Q

Stiffening rod composed of microtubules

A

Axostyle

140
Q

This is a specie of trichomonas that infects the urogenital tract and is sexually transmitted. Usually it has no symptoms for male yet ut cause vaginitis to female

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

141
Q

Mutualistic symbionts in termites

A

Trichonympha
Spirotrichonympha

Systematics lec (3 decks)

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