Lesson 2 Part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Adaptive Diversification where most advanced in ciliates and intracellular parasites in Apicomplexa and Microspora
A
Specialization
2
Q
Adaptive Diversification Have adapted to a wide range of habitats and show great variation and photosynthetic abilities
A
Flagelatted forms
3
Q
Adaptive Diversification have radiated into a wide range of environments
Have become morphologically diverse
A
Ameboid forms
4
Q
Supergroups under fornicata
A
Retortamonads and Diplominads
5
Q
Supergroups under rhizaria
A
Cercozoa, foraminifera, radiolaria
6
Q
Supergroups under unikont
A
Amebozoa and Opisthokonta
7
Q
All taxa other than unikonts with two flagella
A
Bikonts
8
Q
What is under SAR
A
Stramenophile, Alveolata, Rhizaria
9
Q
What are under excavata
A
Fornicata, parabasalea, heterlobosea, euglenozoa
10
Q
Its clade is characterized by flattened mitochondria cristae, have one posterior flagellum on flagelatted cells
A
Opisthokonta
11
Q
Best known unicellular taxa in opisthokonta: (2)
A
Microsporidians and choanoflagellates
12
Q
Contains metazoan animals? Fungi and some unicellular taxa
A
Opisthokanta
13
Q
In the group of Opisthokonta this is an intracrllular parasitic fungi
A
Microsporidian
14
Q
In the group of Opisthokonta, these are solitary or colonial cells that are most likely sister taxon to animals
A
Choanoflagellates
15
Q
This includes naked and testate amebas and also those with flagelatted stages in life cycle
A
Amoebozoa
16
Q
Ameboid forms within tye group includes tye plasmodial and cellular slime molds in subgroup ____? (Give its examples)
A
Mycetozoa: physarum and dictyostelium
17
Q
Testate amebas with lobose pseudopodia
A
Arcella
18
Q
Naked lobose amebas
A
Chaos carolinense
Amoeba proteus
19
Q
It is an ameba that kill cells in the human cornea where spread by contact lenses when not properly disinfected
A
Acanthamoeba castellani
20
Q
This is an ameba that invades the intestinal wall secreting enzymes that attack the intestinal lining leading to amebic dysentery
A
Entamoeba histolytica
21
Q
Entamoeba found in humans in their intestine ans mouth
A
Instestine - Entamoeba coli
Mouth - Entamoeba gingivalis
22
Q
Amebas with flattened mitochondria crusta and distinct axopodia with axoneme arranged in hexagonal or triangular sets
A
Centrohelida
23
Q
Are centrohelida predators?
A
Yes
24
Q
This is anmwater that is more saline than freshwater but less saline than true marine environments. Often these are transitional areas between fresh and marine waters.
A
Brackish water
25
One of the green algal lineages that have independently evolved multicellularity
Volvox
26
What type of surface does volvox have?
Gelatinous
27
What parts of volvox acts as a photosensitive receptor
Stigma
28
These are small haploid motile cells embedded in the extracellulsr matrix and what does it forms
Photosynthestic somatic cells, spheroid body
29
These are sixteen large haploid nonmotile cells embedded beneath somatic cells of volvox
Gonidia
30
This volvox has a complete division of labor in its cells
Volvox carteri
31
Have unicellular, colonial, and multicellular green algae; includes cascular and nonvascular plants
Single celled biflagellated algae
Viridiplantae
32
An example of single celled biflagelatted algae of viridiplantae
Chlamydomonas sp.
33
Examples of colonial forms of viridiplantae
Gonium sp., Pandorina sp., Eudorina sp.
34
Three photosynthetic lineages of clade plante
Glaucophyta
Rhodophyta
Viridiplantae
35
Other term for plantae, referring to ancient primary symbiosis with cyanobacteria taht produced chloroplasts
Archaeplastida
36
These are marine testate amebas with intricate skeletons and axopodia to catch prey
Radiolaria
37
How does radiolaria reproduce,
Binary fission, budding, sporulation
38
Radiolaria normally feed on algae or bacteria but some colonial species have _______
Symbootic algae
39
have central capsule that can be ovoid, spherical, or branches and can selerate cytoplasm into inner and outer zones
Radiolaria
40
ancient group of shelled amoebas found in all oceans
Foraminifera
41
slender pseudopodia extending through openings in test then branch out to form protoplasmic net to ensnare prey.
Foraminifera
42
What is the term for protoplasmic net
Reticulopodia
43
Most tests of foraminifera are chambered and made of ______ or aggregates of silica, silt and other materials
Calcium carbonate
44
This phylum has no common body plan and have varied morphology
Cercozoa
45
Former member of phylum cercozoa
Radiolaria
46
Intracellilar parasites of invertebrates and vertebrates
Coccidea
47
Species under class coccidea thay have great medicala nd veterinary importance
Eimeria
Toxoplasma
Plasmodium
48
A genus under coccidea that causes coccidiosis, whose symptoms include diarrhea or dysentery
Eimeria
49
A disease thay is fatal to young fowl due to intestinal parthogenesis.
Eimeria tenela
50
is the stage that succeeds sporogony. The sporozoites inoculated inside the host multiply asexually to form merozoites.
Schizogony
51
Parasite of cats.
Toxoplasma gondii
52
The zoites enclose the tissue cysts that accumulates in large number and stay ineffective for years
Bradyzoites
53
From what do humans does that results to obtain cysts
Eating undercooked meat
54
2% of cases of having toxiplasma gondii have mental retardation that resulted from ____
Congenital toxoplasmosis
55
Best known occidia and most important infectious disease to humans
Coccidian
56
Four species that infect humans under plasmodium
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovalae
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium falciparum
57
These species have episodes of chills and fever every 48 hours
Plasmodium vivax and palsmodium ovalae
58
These species have episodes of chills and fever every 72 hours
Plasmodium malariae
59
These species have episodes of chills and fever every 48 hours however it is the most common and most fatal
Plasmodium falciparum
60
Plasmodium falciparum lead to complication in the brain sucha s?
Cerebral malaria
61
Mosquitos that carry the 4 species of plasmodium
Anopheles
62
What does mosquitoes inject present in their saliva to their new host?
Plasmodium sporozoites
63
What do you call the liver cells
Hepatocytes
64
What does plasmodium falciparum penetrate only in one cycle
Red blood cells
65
Product of schizogony?
Merozoites
66
Digested hemoglobin release dark insoluble pigment called?
Hemozoin
67
Have an apical complex that occurs only in certain developmental stages like merozoites and sporozoites
Apicomplexa
68
Is apicomplexa endoparasites or ectoparasites?
Endoparasite
69
Auds in penetrating host’s cells
rhoptries
Micronemes
70
About half are photoautotrophic and the rest are colorless and heterotrophic Chloroplasts possibly acquired by endosymbiosis from a variety of algal sources.
Dinoflagellata
71
What coverd the body of dinoflagellates
Cellulose plates / valves
72
This species of dinoflagellate catches food with pseudopodia and ingests between plates in posterior groove
Ceratium
73
This species of dinoflagellate lives in mutualistic association with corals and other invertebrates anemones and clams
Zooxanthellae
74
Only corals with ____ zooxanthellae form____
Symbiotic
Coral reefs
75
This is a specie of dinoflagellate that causes red tide
Pfiesteria piscicida
76
Its body surface is covered with cilia that beat in coordinated rhythmical manner
Ciliophora
77
Short and arranged in longitudinal or diagonal rows along body or oral surface or in bands
Cilia
78
Most structurally diverse and specialized protozoans
Ciliates
79
Ciliates are not all the time multinucleated. True or flase
False
80
How does macronuclei divide
Amitotically
81
In this nuclei the genes are never transcribes and divides mitotically
Micronuclei
82
This nuclei is where genes are transcribed and maintain visible traits like pellicle
Macronuclei
83
In ciliates, this expels long thread like structures when stimulated
Trichocysts
84
In ciliates, this realeases poisoon that paralyzed the prey
Toxicyst
85
In ciliates many are _____ but soem are ____
Commensal
Parasitic
86
This lives in the intestine of human pig, rats and other mammals
Balantidium coli
87
These species live in the digestive tracts of ruminants, frogs and toads
Entodinium and nyctotherus
88
This causes the fish disease ick that imoacts many exotic aquarium fishes
Ichthyophthirius
89
Common free living ciliates
Stentor
Vorticella
Euplotes
Paramecium
90
This is commonly used representative for free living ciliates
Paramecium sp.
91
Trumpet shaped solitary free living ciliate that has a bead chaped macronucleus
Stentor sp.
92
A free living ciliate that has a flattened body and groups fused cilia to function as its levs
Euplotes sp.
93
A free living ciliates that has a bell shape attached by a contractile stalk
Vorticella sp.
94
Slipper shaped with blunt anterior and pointed posterior
Paramecium
95
Symmetry of apperance of a paramecium
Asymmetrical
96
Found within the clear ectoplasm that is aroun the granular endoplasm
Trichocysts
97
Feeding culture of paramecium
Holozoic
98
Types of nuclei of paramecium
Kidneyshaped macronucleus with smaller micronucleus
99
How many micronuclei does paramwcium have
7
100
How does cilia beat?
Forward or backward
101
This occurs when a barrier or disturbing chemical stimuli causes tha paramecium to reverse its cilia
Avoidance reaction
102
3 types of repoduction in paramecium
Binary fission
Conjugation
Autogamy
103
Self fertilization but no exchange of nucllei
Autogamy
104
Division across ciliary rows or kineties. Micronucleus divide mitotically while macronucleus divide amitotically
Binary fission
105
Temporary union of two induviduals to exchange chromosomal materials
Conjugation
106
Are heterokont flagelatted with two different flagella. It includes palnt like brown algae, yellow algae and diatoms that can di photosynthesis
Stramenopiles
107
Species commensal to frogs and once thought to be modified ciliates
Opalinds
108
Called slime nets that can be commensal or mutualistic to plants yet parasitic to eel and turf grads
Labyrinthulids
109
Presumed to be fungi at first. Well known example if the potato blight
Oomycetes
110
Testate amebas with axopodia from the group actinophrydia
Heliozoans
111
United by the shared prescence of alveoli, membrane bound sacs beneath cell membrane
Alveolata
112
Three phylas under alveolata
Phylum ciliophora
Phylum dinoflagellata
Phylum Apicomplexa
113
This phylum under alveolata has alveoli produce pellicles
Phylum Ciliophora
114
This phylum under alveolata has alveoli produce thecal plates (armor)
Phylum Dinoflagellata
115
This phylum under alveolata which atr intracellular parasites with alveoli that perform several structuralfunctions, sporozoans
Phylum Apicomplexa
116
Naked amebas with eruptive pseudopodia that form abruptly
Heterolobosea
117
Other term for heterolobosea
Ameboflagellates
Schizopyrenids
118
A heterolobosea specie that can have amebic stages that feed on bacteria but transform to flagellated stage
Naegleria gruberi
119
This heterolobosea specie lives in hot pools that migrates to the olfactory nerves to the brain causing _____
Naegleria fowleri
Amebic meningoencephalitis
120
Two major subohyla of euglenozoa
Euglenida
Kinetoplasta
121
What type of chlorophyll does euglenida have
Chlorophyll b
122
A specie of euglenida that is abundant in vegetation taht has a spindle shaped flexible pellicle.
Euglena viridis
123
Feeding practice of euglena
Autotrophic (holophytic)
124
How does euglena reproduce
Binary fission
125
Most studied group under kinetoplasta
Trypanosoma
126
How is trypanosoma transmitted?
Tsetse fly (glossina sp.)
127
Causes african sleeping sickness in humans and results to permanent brain damage
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trpanosoma brucei rhodiesiense
128
Causes sleeping disease in domestic animals
Trypanosoma brucei
129
Causes the chagas disease which affects that central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Trypanosoma cruzi
130
How does trypanosoma cruzi be transmitted
Kissing bugs (tritominae)
131
Can cause skin lesions, mucuos membrane disfiguring of nose and theoat along with liver and spleen
Leishmania sp.
132
How is leishmania transmitted?
Sand flies
133
This includes the commensal and parasitic unicells that lacks mitochondria and goglgi bodies.
Retortamonads
134
Lack mithochondira but have mitochondrial genes.
Diplomonada
135
Examples of retortamonads species
Chilomastix and retortamonas
136
This diplominad inhabits the digestive tract of humans birds and amohibian where infection id by ingestion of cyst
Giardia
137
This causes diarrhea to humans
Giardia lamblia
138
This has a paranasal body, modified region of golgi body and contains 400 species of phylum axostylata
Parabasalids
139
Stiffening rod composed of microtubules
Axostyle
140
This is a specie of trichomonas that infects the urogenital tract and is sexually transmitted. Usually it has no symptoms for male yet ut cause vaginitis to female
Trichomonas vaginalis
141
Mutualistic symbionts in termites
Trichonympha
Spirotrichonympha
