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Systematics lec > Lesson 2 Part 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When did the first evidence of life (projaryotic bacteria like) appeared?

A

3.5 billion years ago

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2
Q

2 Early cells diversified and formed two prokaryotic groups

A

Archaea
Bacteria

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3
Q

How does ancestor of eukaryotes formed

A

Symbiogenesis

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4
Q

Cell of one prolaryotic lineage was ______ but did not digest

A

Engulfed

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5
Q

What happened to the engulfed projaryotic cell?

A

Became an organelle

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6
Q

Is the modification of engulfed prokaryote into an organelle within prokaryotic host

A

Primary endosymbiosis

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7
Q

What was engulfed by host to become mitochondria

A

Aerobic bacteria

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8
Q

What was engulfed that evolved into chloroplasts

A

Photosynthetic bacteria

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9
Q

Why are unicellular eukaryotic organism called protozoa

A

Due to animal-feature like

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10
Q

A relationship where two species benefit from each other

A

Mutualistic

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11
Q

A relationship where in two species the pne benefits while the other nor benefit nor harmed

A

Commensalistic

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12
Q

A relationship where one of the species benefit while the other is harmed

A

Parasitic

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13
Q

How many species do unicellular eukaryotes have

A

250,000 species

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14
Q

Two general groups based on food gathering method

A

Heterotrophic
Autotrophic

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15
Q

These species feeds on visible particles

A

Phagotrophs (holozoic feeders)

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16
Q

These species feeds on soluble food

A

Osmotrophs (Saprozoic feeder)

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17
Q

Was used to distinguish three of the four main groups of protozoa

A

Locomotion methods

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18
Q

3 types of mode of locomotion

A

Cilia
Flagella
Pseudopodia

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19
Q

How do cilia and flagella the same

A

Morphologically

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20
Q

What do you call both cilia and flagella

A

Undulipodia

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21
Q

This propel water parallel to cell surface

A

Cilia

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22
Q

This propel water parallel to the main axis of it

A

Flagella

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23
Q

What is cilia and flagella made of and what is it

A

Axoneme
Nine pairs of longitudinal microtubules

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24
Q

What covers axoneme

A

Plasma membrane

25
Q

Primary means of locomotion of ameba

A

Pseudopodia

26
Q

It is part of the cytoplasm that is granular more fliid and has nucleus and cytoplasmic organelle

A

Endoplasm

27
Q

It is part of more transparent and rigid and has base of cilia and flagella

A

Ectoplasm

28
Q

A type of pseudopodia that has a large blunt tipped extension with both endo and ectoplasm

A

Lobopodia

29
Q

Thin and sharp pointed extension of branching ectoplasm

A

Filopodia

30
Q

Branched filaments only

A

Rhizopodia

31
Q

Branched filaments that merge into net like structure

A

Reticulopodia

32
Q

Long thin pointed pseudopodia supported by axial rods of microtubules

A

Axopodia

33
Q

Often clumps irregularly leaving clear areas imparting vesicular appearance

A

Chromatin

34
Q

Dna in nucleus is in what form

A

Chromosomes

35
Q

Membrane bound organelle with numerous pores for internal communication

A

Nucleus

36
Q

Germ line nucleus

A

Micronucleus

37
Q

Somatic nucleus that are compact or condensed

A

Macronucleus

38
Q

Occurs widy and may percede certain phases of asexual reproduction

A

Sexual reproduction

39
Q

Undergoes meiosis ti produce haploid gametes or haploid gamete nuclei

A

Diploid cells

40
Q

These fuse to make a diplod stage or zygote

A

Haploid gamete

41
Q

Will there be embryonic development in reproduction of unicellular aukaryoted

A

No

42
Q

A type of reproduction taht produces more individuals

A

Asexual reproduction

43
Q

The most common asexual reproduction that produces clones

A

Binary fission

44
Q

This is cytokinesis preceded by seceral nuclear division

A

Multiple fission (schizogony)

45
Q

What do you call if union of gametes precedes to multiple fissionable

A

Sporogony

46
Q

Occurs when a small progeny crll pinches pf the parent cell

A

Budding

47
Q

Widespread occurrence emphasizes its imoortance as means of genetic recombination

A

Sexual reproduction

48
Q

What is isogametes

A

Gametes that look similar

49
Q

What is anisogametes

A

Gametes that are dissimilar

50
Q

Fertilization of gamete by another

A

Syngamy

51
Q

Gamete nuclei form by meiosis and fuse to form zygote inside parent organism

A

Autogamy

52
Q

Gametic nuclei exchange between paired organisms like in paramecium

A

Cojugation

53
Q

What is a cyst

A

Dormant form

54
Q

What organelle secretes the resistant external covering if cyst

A

Golgi appartus

55
Q

Important form for a parasitic to survive in harsh environment

A

Cyst form

56
Q

An escape from cysts when environmental conditions are favorable

A

Excystment

57
Q

Occur as a part of life cycle or during adverse conditions

A

Encystment

58
Q

Evolutionnof eukaryotic cells leads to?

A

Diversification

59
Q

Clades that have both unicellular and multicellular form

A

Opisthokonta
Stramenopiles
Viridiplantae
Red algae (rhodophyta)

Systematics lec (3 decks)

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