Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MOLBIO LEC > LESSON 2: NUCLEIC ACIDS & PROTEINS > Flashcards

LESSON 2: NUCLEIC ACIDS & PROTEINS Flashcards

1
Q

transfer of genetic
information from DNA to RNA through transcription, and then
from RNA to protein through translation.

A

THE CENTRAL DOGMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The genetic material that
carries hereditary information in cells.

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The single-stranded nucleic acid
molecule that serves as a messenger carrying genetic
information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis.

A

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The end product of the central dogma,
synthesized through translation. Proteins play crucial roles
in the structure and function of cells, tissues, and
organisms.

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

NUCLEOSIDE - composition and is held by

A

Nitrogenous base +
Pentose SUGAR

It is held together by:
N-glycoSidic bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

NUCLEOTIDE - composition and is held by

A

NucleoSIDE + PhosphaTe

It is held together by:
EsTer bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

these are your Purines and
Pyrimidines

A

Nitrogenous bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Your phosphate groups are held together by

A

ANHYDRIDE BONDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T or F: RNA has its HYDROXYL GROUP (OH)

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or F: DNA has hydroxyl group

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Building blocks of nucleic acids

A

NUCLEOTIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In ____, there was a group of scientists (they still didn’t know
what the structure of DNA looked like). They were trying to
figure out what thing in the body contained the info that we
pass on to the next generations.

A

1920

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Erwin Chargaff’s experimental finding:

A

Chargaff’s
rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T or F: A-T pair has 3 hydrogen bonds (weaker);
T or F: G-C pair has 2 hydrogen bonds (stronger)

A

F and F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who obtained X-ray crystallography
images of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

created the two-strand, double-helix model

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Striuctures and properties od DNA
Made up of nucleotides held together by ___

A

3’ to 5’ phosphodiester bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T or F: 10.5 base pairs per turn (usually)

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. ____ - backbones are closer together
  2. ____ - backbones are far from each other
A

1.Minor grooves
2.Major grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The bases will cluster inside since
they are hydrophobic in nature

A

Hydrophobic interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

These forces help maintain the
structural integrity of the DNA
double helix by stabilizing the
close packing of the bases along
the helical axis.

A

van der Waals forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

number of BP per turn of A-DNA*, B-DNA, Z-DNA**

A

11,10,12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

morphology of A-DNA*, B-DNA, Z-DNA**

A

Broad &Short, Long & Thin, Long & Thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

screw sense of A-DNA*, B-DNA, Z-DNA**

A

Right handed, Right handed, Left-handed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Features of A-DNA*, B-DNA, Z-DNA**

A

A-DNA*-In low humidity & high salt conditions
B-DNA-Most common form
Z-DNA**-In 5’ end of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

LEVELS OF DNA ORGANIZATION

Will eventually loop around a histone octamer

A

1

27
Q
  1. Histone + DNA wrapped around it =
  2. Made of nucleosomes separated by ___
  3. NA wrapped ___x over a histone octamer
    (left-handed)
A

1.NUCLEOSOME
2.LINKER DNA
3.1.75

28
Q

LEVELS OF DNA ORGANIZATION

When many nucleosome group together in a 30 nm chromatin fibril it is now called a ___

What level and what’s it called?

A

3
Solenoid

29
Q

LEVELS OF DNA ORGANIZATION

Condensation of DNA during PROPHASE of mitosis

A

5

30
Q

● Condensed, darker on EM
● Sterically inaccessible
● Transcriptionally INACTIVE

A

HETEROCHROMATIN

31
Q

● Less condensed, lighter in EM
● Sterically accessible
● Transcriptionally ACTIVE

A

EUCHROMATIN

32
Q
  • In ____, if you have more methyl groups it mutes your DNA; nagiging inactive
  • In ____, if you have more acetyl groups it
    activates your DNA; nagiging active
A

1.Methylation
2.acetylation

33
Q

Most heterogeneous RNA (5% of total RNA) and template for PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

34
Q

Most abundant RNA (80% of total RNA)

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

35
Q

Smallest RNA (15% of total RNA)

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

36
Q

● Functions in mRNA processing and
rRNA processing
● Splice together the EXONS to form the
mature mRNA

A

Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)

37
Q

● Acts as an interference
● Interact with the 3’ untranslated region of
mRNA to induce mRNA
DEGRADATION and TRANSLATIONAL
REPRESSION

A

Micro-RNA (miRNA)

38
Q

Non-coding transcripts of >200 nt
● Involved in regulation of cell
differentiation & development, and
maintenance of telomere length

A

Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA)

39
Q

● Double-stranded RNA (20-24 bp)
● Induces mRNA degradation

A

Silencing RNA (siRNA)

40
Q

Sugar moiety of DNA and RNA

A

Deoxyribose
Ribose

41
Q

Purines ofDNA and RNA

A

Adenine & Guanine in DNA ONLY

42
Q

Pyrimidinesof DNA and RNA

A

Cytosine &Thymine - DNA
Cytosine & Uracil - RNA

43
Q

DNA is more stable because it lacks ____;
withstands the ____by alkalis

A

1.hydroxyl group
2.hydroxylation

44
Q

Most abundant and functionally diverse
molecules in living systems

A

PROTEINS

45
Q

basic side chains

A

● Lysine
● Arginine
● Histidine

46
Q

acidic side chains

A

● Glutamate
● Aspartate

47
Q

uncharged polar side chians

A

● Asparagine
● Glutamine
● Serine
● Threonine
● Tyrosine

48
Q

Between 100-1000 AAs in length
○ Longest protein is ____(25,000 AA)

A

TITIN

49
Q

➔ Regulate metabolism
➔ Facilitate muscle contraction
➔ Provide structural framework

A

PROTEIN FUNCTIONS

50
Q

PRIMARY STRUCTURE
- Determined by the AA sequence
- Has an _____and a _____ terminus

A

Has an N (NH3) and a C (COOH) terminus

51
Q

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

● Stabilized by _____
● _____ - supersecondary structures produced by packing of side chains from adjacent secondary
structural elements

A

HYDROGEN BONDS
MOTIFS

52
Q

what is the ost common secondary structure?
_____ AAs per turn?

A

ALPHA HELIX
~3.6

53
Q

● AA residues form zigzags or a pleated pattern
● R groups of adjacent residues project in
OPPOSITE directions

A

BETA SHEET

54
Q

Most proteins fold to a __ ?

A

single stable conformation

55
Q

2 or more polypeptide chains forming one
macromolecule

A

QUATERNARY STRUCTURE

56
Q

Due to a point mutation (missense) in both genes
coding for the β-chain

A

CLINICAL CORRELATE: SICKLE CELL DISEASE

57
Q

Low affinity for oxygen; Abundant HbS
than HbA

A

Anemia

58
Q

Less to no oxygen delivered in the tissues

A

Tissue anoxia

59
Q

treatment on SICKLE CELL DISEASE

○ Reduce oxidative stress
○ Reduce the damage

A

L-glutamine

60
Q

treatment on SICKLE CELL DISEASE

Counteracts the low affinity of your HbS to
O2 by increasing the production of HbF
(Fetal Hemoglobin) which has higher
affinity to oxygen

A

Hydroxyurea

61
Q

Because of those occluded vessels

A

Painful crises

62
Q

Treatment for the pain

A

Analgesics

63
Q

Monoclonal bodies
Inhibits p-selectin

A

Crizalizumab

64
Q

Changes affinity of Hbs to O2 to increase its affinity

A

Voxcelator

MOLBIO LEC (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions