Lesson 2 - Macromolecules Flashcards
1
Q
Macromolecules
A
Very large organic compounds
Contains carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen
2
Q
Carbohydrates
A
Molecules containing C, H and O in a 1:2:1
Source of energy and used for building materials
Bonded with glucosidic linkages
3
Q
Simple Carbohydrates
A
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
Made up of one or 2 monomers
4
Q
Monosaccharides
A
- one sugar
- glucose, fructose
- monomer of all carbs!
5
Q
Disaccharide
A
- made of 2 monosaccharides
- glucose + glucose = maltose
- glucose + fructose = sucrose
6
Q
Complex Carbohydrates
A
- Polysaccharides
- Starch
- Cellulose
- Glycogen
7
Q
Polysaccharide
A
- made of 100s to several thousand monosaccharides
8
Q
Starch
A
- means for storing energy in plants
- humans digest starch for energy
- branching side chains, easily broken down
9
Q
Cellulose
A
- component of cell walls
- no branching side chains
- can’t be broken down by humans (aids in digestion)
10
Q
Glycogen
A
- storing glucose in animals
- used to regulate blood sugar
- easily broken down due to many branching side chains
11
Q
Lipids
A
- dissolve in oils
- used for storing energy more efficiently than carbohydrates
- Used for physical and thermal insulation, components of cell membranes, used to make hormones
12
Q
Triglycerides
A
- most common type of lipid
- made of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids
- long term energy storage in humans
- built with ester linkages
13
Q
Saturated Fatty Acid
A
- have no double bonds between carbons
- fully saturated with hydrogen
- solid at room temperature
- formed by straight chains that will pack closely together
- usually from animals
14
Q
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
A
- have one or more double bonded carbons
- are not fully saturated by hydrogen
- liquid at room temperature
- where double bond occurs structure bends. Won’t pack tightly together
- from plant oils
15
Q
Phospholipid
A
- made of glycerol, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group
- form cell membrane
