Lesson 1 - Introduction To Biochemistry Flashcards
Organic Chemistry
The chemistry of carbon compounds
Intramolecular Forces
Forces within in molecules that hold atoms together
Electronegativity
How strongly an atom can attract a shared pair of electrons
Ionic Bonds
- Non-metals take electrons from metals
- Large difference in electronegativity
Non-Polar Covalent
Electrons are share equally between non-polar atoms
Polar Covalent
Electrons are not shared equally between atoms
—> Spend more time around more electronegative atom
Molecular Polarity
- When a molecule is symmetrical it is polar
- When a molecule is not symmetrical it is non-polar
Intermolecular Forces
Forces between molecules
—> weaker than intramolecular forces
Hydrogen Bonding
Weak attraction between polar molecules containing hydrogen and a strongly electronegative molecule
Hydrophobic Interactions
Non-polar molecules do not form bonds with hydrogen and will clump together away from water molecules “water fearing”
Hydrophilic
Polar molecules that are attracted to the water molecules and are easily broken down
Functional Groups
Cluster of atoms that always behave in a certain way
Hydroxyl
OH-
- Found in carbs, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids
Carbonyl
- Found in carbs and nucleic acids
Aldehydes - Have a hydrogen and an R group attached to the carbon
Ketones - Have 2 R group attached to the carbon
Carboxyl
- Found in proteins and lipids
