Lesson 2: Life

Question 1

What is life?

Answer 1

the sum total of all bodily processes of an organism

Question 2

What are the six theories on how life came to be?

Answer 2

(1) Divine Creation Theory, (2) Abiogenesis Theory, (3) Cosmozoic Theory, (4) Philosophical Theories, (5) Marine Theory, and (6) Naturalistic Theory

Question 3

What are the eight bases living and non-living things are different?

Answer 3

(1) Form and Size, (2) Chemical Composition, (3) Organization, (4) Metabolism, (5) Irritability, (6) Reproduction, (7) Growth, and (8) Life Cycle

Question 4

What are the seven bases animals and plants are different?

Answer 4

(1) Structure and Form, (2) Organs, (3) Cell Membrane, (4) Changes, (5) NaCl Reaction, (6) Metabolism, and (7) Irritability

Question 5

What are the nine life processes?

Answer 5

Abbreviated as Mr. & Mrs. Gren:

(1) Metabolism, (2) Responsiveness, (3) Movement, (4) Reproduction, (5) Sensitivity, (6) Growth and Development, (7) Respiration, (8) Excretion, and (9) Nutrition and Digested

Question 6

What are the five survival needs of organisms?

Answer 6

(1) Nutrients, (2) Oxygen, (3) Water, (4) Body Temperature (37°C), and (5) Atmospheric Pressure

Question 7

What is homeostasis?

Answer 7

a process in which a nearly stable environment is maintained in the body

Question 8

Why is homeostasis important?

Answer 8

so that cellular metabolic functions can proceed at maximum efficiency

Question 9

What are the four components of homeostasis?

Answer 9

(1) Receptors, (2) Integrators, (3) Effectors, and (4) Set Points

Question 10

What are receptors also known as?

Answer 10

Sensors

Question 11

What are receptors?

Answer 11

the recipients of information regarding the current status of an organism

Question 12

What are integrators also known as?

Answer 12

control centers

Question 13

What are integrators for?

Answer 13

they control and trigger responses by comparing variables to a relevant set point.

Question 14

What do effectors do?

Answer 14

carry out responses in order to change the variable to equal that of the set point

Question 15

What are set points?

Answer 15

the acceptable ranges of conditions.

Question 16

What are the two mechanisms the body use to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 16

(1) Negative Feedback Mechanism and (2) Positive Feedback Mechanism

Question 17

What is the more common mechanism of maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 17

Negative Feedback Mechanism

Question 18

What is the less common mechanism of maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 18

Positive Feedback Mechanism

Question 19

What is a negative feedback mechanism?

Answer 19

the activity that alters the output in the opposite direction of the initial deviation.

Question 20

What is a positive feedback mechanism?

Answer 20

the activity that alters the output in the same direction of the initial deviation

Question 21

What are six examples of a negative feedback loop?

Answer 21

the regulation of (1) body temperature, (2) blood glucose level, (3) hormonal level, (4) blood pressure, (5) platelets, and (6) other substances in the blood.

Question 22

What are two examples of a positive feedback mechanism?

Answer 22

(1) childbirth and (2) sexual intercourse.

Question 23

How is childbirth a positive feedback mechanism?

Answer 23

with the baby’s head being pushed against the cervix causing the release of oxytocin, oxytocin causing the uterus to contract, the contractions pushing the baby’s head against the cervix and so on