Lesson 2 - Irrigation Engineering Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Provides a structural base to the plants and allows the root system to spread and get a strong hold.

A

Soil

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2
Q

A heterogeneous mass consisting of a three phase system of solid, liquid and gas

A

Soil

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3
Q

A complex mass of mineral and organic particles

A

Soil

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4
Q

Soil properties

A

Soil texture

Soil structure

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5
Q

The relative sizes of soil particles in a given soil

A

Soil texture

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6
Q

Soil particles according to size

A

Gravel
Sand
Silt
Clay

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7
Q

USDA

A

United States Department of Agriculture

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8
Q

AASHTO

A

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

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9
Q

Soil classification

A

Open or light textural soils
Medium textured soils
Tight or heavy textured soils

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10
Q

Are mainly coarse and sandy with low content of silt and clay

A

Open or light textural soils

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11
Q

Contains sand, silt and clay

A

Medium textured soils

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12
Q

Contains high proportion of clay

A

Tight or heavy textured soils

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13
Q

Refers to the arrangement of soil particles and aggregates with respect to each other

A

Soil structure

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14
Q

Soil structure

A

Type
Class
Grade

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15
Q

Four types of primary structure

A

Platy
Prism-like
Block-like
Spheroidal

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16
Q

Five recognized classes in primary types of soils

A
Very fine
Fine
Medium
Coarse
Very coarse
17
Q

Represents the degree of aggradation that is the proportion between aggregates and unaggregated material that results when the aggregates are displaced or gently crushed

18
Q

Soil group (India)

A
Alluvial soils
Black soils
Red soils
Laterites and Lateric soils
Desert soils
Problem soils
19
Q

Are accumulated sediments transferred by the rivers and rapids

A

Alluvial soils

20
Q

Cotton is the most important crop grown in these soils.

A

Black soils

21
Q

Has a reddish tinge as a result of the presence of iron compounds in it.

22
Q

Soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminum and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas

A

Laterite soils

23
Q

Are called aridisols (dry soil)

They occur in floodplains after a spring flood

A

Desert soils

24
Q

Can affect the stability of the built infrastructure both across a wide area and very locally

A

Problem soils

25
Is a form of water which reaches at the soil water table due to the gravitational force after rainfall.
Gravitational water
26
Water exists between soil particles in a small capillary pores
Capillary water
27
Thin film of water is tightly held by the soil particles
Hygroscopic water
28
Importance of water in plant growth
1. Water maintains the turgidity of the plant 2. Provides both oxygen and hydrogen 3. Acts a solvent of plant nutrients 4. Food manufactured gets distributed throughout the plants 5. Transpiration is vital process in plants when water is adequate 6. Dissipate the heat by transpiration