LESSON 2: INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL LABORATORY SERVICES AND PRACTICE Flashcards
DIVISIONS IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY
Clinical Analysis Area
Anatomical and Surgical Pathology (histopathology)
Specimen Processing such as blood
other body fluids (seminal fluids, urine) and is divided into other sections
Clinical Analysis Area
tissue analysis, cytologic examination, surgical biopsy, frozen sections, performance of autopsies
Anatomical and Surgical Pathology (histopathology)
Tissue processing
FDCIETSSML (10 steps)
HISTOPATHOLOGY SECTION
10 steps in histopathology: FDCIETSSML
fixation
dehydration
clearing (alcohol)
impregnation
embedding (wax)
trimming
sectioning
staining
mounting
labeling (important)
Section of Clinical Analysis Area
hematology
clinical chemistry
blood bank
immunology/ serology
microbiology
clinical microscopy
cytogenetic and flow cytometry
Specimens (6)
Blood
Sputum
Urine
Stool -
Seminal fluid
CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)
most common specimen
Whole blood
common coagulant used for CBC; purple lavender top.
EDTA
frequently performed test
CBC
Components of Complete Blood Count (10)
RBC count
WBC count
Platelet count
Hematocrit (Hct)
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
RBC Distribution Width
Differential count
BLOOD SMEARS (6)
Platelet count
Differential count (WBC Count)
WBC morphology
RBC count
RBC morphology
Parasite Detection (malaria)
when performing ___, the evacuated tube used is the blacktop.
___ is used to detect inflammation
ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)
Anti-coagulant tube
Sodium Citrate
usually the specimen for coagulation test
Plasma
liquid portion (unclotted); tubes with anti-coagulant
Plasma
liquid portion (clotted); tubes with no anti-coagulant (redtop)
Serum
citrate; for coagulation study
Light blue top
most automated section
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
Detection of microorganisms in patient samples
Tests: Culture & Sensitivity
To determine the most effective antibiotic therapy
MICROBIOLOGY
samples are put in culture media; synthetic.
Culture
Different cultures:
Blood Culture
Wound Culture
Urine Culture (UTI)
Swab throat Culture
Stool Culture
studies antigens and antibodies, to determine: immunity to disease, and presence of disease
SEROLOGY/ IMMUNOLOGY
Detect HIV using a ___ Count that checks immunity.
CD4
the only DNA virus, can be transmitted through sexual intercourse.
Hepa B virus
also known as Immunohematology
BLOOD BANK
Blood is: (3)
Collected
Stored
Prepared
protects the body, destroys foreign objects
Antibodies
not the same blood type can cause this.
Transfusion reaction
2 TESTS FOR BLOOD TYPING
Forward / Direct ABO/ Rh Typing
Backward / Indirect ABO / Rh Typing
detects antigen present.
Forward / Direct ABO/ Rh Typing
detect antibodies present; also refered to as reverse typing.
Backward / Indirect ABO / Rh Typing
this is the blood type
Antigen
opposite to blood type
Antibodies
performs tests on non-blood body fluids:
CLINICAL MICROSCOPY
physical evaluation, chemical evaluation, microscopic analysis of urine
Urinalysis
Macroscopic semen analysis (5)
color
odor
viscosity
liquefaction
volume
Microscopic semen analysis
morphology
motility progression
help diagnose certain conditions affect the digestive tract.
infection from parasite
Stool Analysis, Fecalysis
detects presence of fecal occult blood
Guaiac Test
Tests in the Clinical Chem
Basic Chesmistry Profile
Coronary Risk Profile
Liver Protein Test
Kidney Profile Test
Tests in the Hematology Section
CBC
BLOOD SMEAR
ESR
COAGULATION TEST
Microbiology Tests
Culture & Sensitivity
Stain
Immuno/Sero Tests
Bacterial Studies
Viral Studies
General Studies
Blood Bank tests
ABO Typing
DA Test
Type and Crossmatch
Clinical Microscopy tests
Urinalysis
Semen Analysis
Stool Analysis
Guiac Test
