Lesson 2. ICT Fundamentals Flashcards
Data
collection of raw facts, numbers, letters, symbols, or any combination of these that, when arranged, provide a result.
Information
a data that is made meaningful based kn the needs of the user through manipulation
In computer terms, information is called a processed data
Desirable Qualities of Information
Relevant, complete, timely, accurate, presentable, cost effective
Relevant
information must be important to the person receiving or using it
Complete
no vital information should be omitted
Timely
information must be available when needed
Accurate
validity of information is necessary for sound decision making
Presentable
a good presentation makes information more understandable
Cost effective
only essential data processing should be carried out
Input - Process - Output (IPO) model
a conceptual framework where input data is processed resulting in an output in the form of information
Data Processing
a series of activities that transforms data into information in some way since men have been able to communicate
3 Data Processing Methods
Manual Data Processing, Mechanical Data Processing and Electromechanical Data Processing
Manual Data Processing
implies the extended use of human labor in processing data
What items are used in Manual Data Processing?
pencils, rulers, pen, worksheet or similar items
Other description of Manual Data Processing
low and relatively inaccurate and could not support rapidly expanding information requirements
Mechanical Data Processing
involves the use of machines and devices that alter transmit and direct applied forces
Examples of Mechanical Data Processing
mechanical calculators, manual typewrites and manual cash registers
Mechanical Data Processing offers?
offers the advantages of greater computational speed, accuracy, and legibility but requires higher processing volume to justify investment costs
Electromechanical Data Processing
has proven superior capacity to perform computations and other functions in incredible speed
How electromechanical data processing made possible?
mad possible with the use of electrical impulses that passes through electronic devices to process data rather than movements of mechanical parts
Four Basic Functions
Input Preparation, Processing, Output Preparation, Storage and Feedback
Input Preparation
source documents are collected into a form acceptable for digital processing
Input Preparation is concerned with?
the accuracy and completeness of data to ensure data integrity like editing/sorting, coding, verifying
Processing
actual operations are performed on data to convert it into information through: classifying, sorting, calculating and summarizing
Output Preparation
processed information is prepared in a format acceotable to the user for analysis or an input for second cycle
a. report production
b. communicatinf to the user
Storage and Feedback
the result of processed data is stored for future use or retrieval
the feedback function is the key to control business
a. storing
b. retrieving
c. feedback
Computer
a digital electronic device that processes data through a series of commands into information for reproduction and storage
Computers can perform?
mathematical and logical operations, store data and instructions and process large volumes at high speed
Processing large volumes of data at high speed is achieved with the use of?
computers internal data storage
how is instruction and data stored?
instructions and data are stored in the computer in a machine readable form to enable the processing of data electronically
instructions and data are stored in the computer in a machine readable form to enable the processing of data electronically is commonly known as
electronic data processing
modern computers
getting smaller, cheaper, and more efficient, requiring less power and much more easier to operate
Analog Computers
machine or electronic circuit designed to work on numerical data represented by some physical quantity
Examples of Analog Computers
Electrical Quantity, Voltage
Digital Computer
processes information in digital form
What digital computers process?
processes numerical information and any device that manipulate symbolic information according to specified computational procedures
Nanotechnology
manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale
What does Nanotechnology entails?
entails the application of fields of science as diverse as organic chemistty, surface science, molecular biology, semiconductor physics, microfabrication, etc.
Capabilities of Computers
- Ability to perform arithmetic and logical operations
- Ability to store or remember a great amount and variety of information and retrieve or revall the information needed almost instantly
- Ability to handle large volumes of repetitive tasks accurately over long periods of time
- Communicate with its operators and other machines
- Capable of remote processing where communication is established between the terminal
Limitations of Computers
- Still subject to human direction and control
- Can detect but generally cannot correct an inaccurate entry in their own
- Subject to occassional breakdown or computer malfunction
Computer System Component
Dataware, Hardware ,Software, Peopleware
Dataware
systematically and organized collection of data and procedures relevant to the organization
