LESSON 2 History of Radiology Flashcards
What is Medical Science
The science dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease.
What is Radiology
branch of medical science that deals with the use of radiation for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
When was x-ray discovered
November 8, 1895
Who discovered the X-ray
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen accidentally discovered x-ray in Wuzburg, Germany.
How does Roentgen accidentally discovered x-ray?
Roentgen was experimenting with a type of Crookes tube when he discovered x-rays in his physics laboratory at Würzburg University in Germany.
What are cathode rays
A beam of electrons emitted from the cathode of a high vacuum tube
What are cathode
the electrode where electricity is given out or flow out
Discovery of X-ray
1896 Roentgen produce and published the first medical x-ray, an image of his wife’s hand Anna Bertha Ludwig.
When and where was the first medical x-ray United States was conducted
February 1896 at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
Year when Roentgen received the first Nobel Prize in physics
1901
demonstrated by Michael Pupin,1896 to reduce exposure time.
Radiographic intensifying screen
demonstrated by Charles Leonard, 1904 to reduce exposure time by halved.
Double-emulsion radiography
what year did the double-emulsion film commercially available
1918
what year did the American inventor Thomas Alva Edison developed fluoroscope
1898
what year did Thomas Alva Edison’s assistant and long-time friend Clarence Dally died.
1904
what year did Homer Clyde Snook introduced interupterless transformer. A substitute high-voltage power supply
1907
year did William D. Coolidge developed hot-cathode x-ray tube.
1913
vacuum tube that allowed x-ray intensity and energy to be selected separately with great accuracy.
hot-cathode x-ray tube
year did Gustav Bucky invented stationary grid; 2 months later the moving grid.
1913
year did Hollis Potter invented moving grid. Probably not aware of Bucky’s moving grid because of World War I
1915
year did cellulose nitrate film base is widely adopted.
1917
year did rotating anode x-ray tube was introduced
1929
year did Bell Telephone Company demonstrate the light amplifier tube and adapted as an image intensifier tube for fluoroscopy in 1950
1946
year did first automatic processor was introduced.
1942
year did Coltman develops the first fluoroscopic image intensifier
1948
year did Godfrey Hounsfield introduced the first computed tomography (CT) imaging system (EMI)
1966
year did rare earth radiographic intensifying screens are introduced
1974
year did Allan Cormack and Godfrey Hounsfield received Nobel Price in Physiology for CT-scan
1979
year did first Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was introduced
1980
year did Picture Archieving and Communications System (PACS) becomes available.
1982
Frequently occuring injuries from radiation overexposure in the early years of medical x-ray:
- skin damage (erythema)
- loss of hair (alopecia)
- low red-cell blood count (anemia)
year Coolidge tube and Snook transformer was introduced
1910
what are coolidge tube and snook transformer
decreased the low-energy radiation in the x-ray beam and decreased the exposure time
