Imaging modalities Part 5

Question 1

Main system Components

Answer 1

• Scanner Gastry
• Detector
• Septa
• Coincidence circuit
• Table
• Computer
• Cyclotron

Question 2

Comprised of an 8 x 8 scintillation, inorganic crystals which emits light photons after the interaction of photons and a 4 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) arranged in a circular pattern around the patient.

Answer 2

Detector

Question 3

Lead or tungsten circular shield mounted between the detector rings

Answer 3

Septa

Question 4

Limits scattered radiation from the object reaching the detector (scattered out the transverse plane).

Answer 4

Septa

Question 5

Specific electronic circuits “coincidence” circuits pick up gamma pairs due to the two gamma rays emitted during the positron annihilation almost simultaneously

Answer 5

Coincidence circuit

Question 6

The coincidence is a very strong signature that distinguishes them from other photons.

Answer 6

Coincidence circuit

Question 7

On the image it is requested that the signals coming from the scintillators A and B coincide within 12 billionths of a second (nanosecond).

Answer 7

Coincidence circuit

Question 8

A machine used to produce the radioisotopes (radioactive chemical elements) which are used to synthesize the radiopharmaceuticals.

Answer 8

Cyclotron

Question 9

• The most frequently used radioisotopes in PET are:
• Carbon-11
• Nitrogen-13
• Oxygen-15
• Fluorine-18
• 18FDG (Fluorodeoxyglucose) is the most widely used PET tracer.

Answer 9

cyclotron

Question 10

capable of moving in and out of the scanner to measure the distribution of PET radiopharmaceuticals throughout the body, and it adjusts to a very low position for easy patient access

Answer 10

Bed

Question 11

analyzes the gamma rays and uses the information to create an image map of the organ or tissue being studied.

Answer 11

Computer

Question 12

Nuclear Medicine imaging modality, which involves the use of radionuclides injected intravenously into the body, to produce a 3D distribution of the gamma rays emitted by the radionuclide, giving physiological information about the organ of interest.

Answer 12

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Question 13

is the 3D version of the 2D (planar imaging) gamma camera technology.

Answer 13

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Question 14

It uses 1 or more gamma camera heads rotated round the patient.

Answer 14

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Question 15

combines conventional scintigraphic and computed tomographic methods.

Answer 15

Single Proton Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Question 16

it gives 3D functional information about the patient in more detail and higher contrast than found in planar imaging.

Answer 16

Single Proton Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Question 17

avoids the superposition of active and non-active layers, which restricts the accurate measurement of organ functions found in the planar gamma camera.

Answer 17

Single Proton Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

Question 18

Radiation has been an effective tool for treating cancer for more than 100 years.

Answer 18

Radiation Therapy

Question 19

doctors trained to use radiation to eradicate cancer.

Answer 19

Radiation oncologist

Question 20

works by damaging the DNA within cancer cells and destroying their ability to reproduce.

Answer 20

Radiation Therapy