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IT > Lesson 2 - Hardware > Flashcards

Lesson 2 - Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

What are hardware items?

A

Things we can touch

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2
Q

What do hardware items include?

A

The computer “box” called the system unit, things inside the system unit e.g, CPU, hard drive and peripherals e.g. monitor, mouse, printer

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3
Q

Describe the system unit

A

Contains the basic components required to have a functioning computer e.g. CPU, RAM , hard drives

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4
Q

Describe the motherboard

A

Main circuit board in the system unit. (Also known as the system board). It also contains an integrated circuit (IC) which carries electrical currents.

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5
Q

Describe the CPU

A

Interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate the computer. Most devices communicate with the CPU in order to carry out a task. (CPU is also called a processor).

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6
Q

Components of the CPU

A

The control unit, Registers, The system clock

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7
Q

Describe the control unit

A

Directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. (Interprets instruction and initiates appropriate action)

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8
Q

Describe Registers

A

High speed storage locations which temporarily hold data and instructions

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9
Q

The system clock

A

Small chip that the CPU relies on to control the timing of all computer operations. The speed of the system clock is measured in gigahertz

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10
Q

List the types of memories

A

RAM, Cache, ROM, CMOS

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11
Q

Describe RAM (random access memory)

A

Consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by processor and other devices. It acts like temporary storage and hence the document is needed to be saved in a device like hard drive so it is not lost.

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12
Q

Describe Cache

A

Used to improve processing time as it stores frequently used instructions. Data is first searched in Cache and then in RAM

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13
Q

Describe ROM (read-only memory)

A

They are memory chips (also called firmware) contain permanent memory hence being non-volatile.

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14
Q

CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor memory)

A

Memory chips that store configuration information about the computer eg. type of monitor.

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15
Q

Describe Buses

A

Allows the various devices inside and attached to the system to communicate with each other.

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16
Q

Describe Ports

A

The point of attachment to the system unit.

17
Q

What is an input device

A

Hardware device that allows you to enter data, programs and commands into a computer.

18
Q

Describe a keyboard

A

Input device that contains keys you use to enter data into a computer.

19
Q

Describe a mouse

A

A pointing device that gives you control of the pointer on the arrow and sits under the palm.

20
Q

Describe a camera

A

An input device used to take pictures and store photographed images.

21
Q

Describe what a scanner is and types of scanners

A

Optical scanner (normal scanner): light sensing input device that reads printed text and translates results into a useful form for the computer.
Flatbed scanner: similar to a copy machine.

22
Q

what is OCR (Optical character recognition)

A

Technology that involves reading typewritten, computer-printed, or handwritten characters from ordinary documents and translating images into a useful form for the computer.

23
Q

What are output devices?

A

Hardware components that convey information to user.

24
Q

Describe a monitor

A

Display device (metal or plastic) that surrounds the screen.

25
Q

Describe a printer

A

Output device that produced texts and graphics on paper. e.g. laser printer and ink jet printer

26
Q

Describe speakers

A

Audio output devices that produce sound

27
Q

Describe Headphones

A

Audio devices that are plugged into a port on the sound card which allow sound to be heard by the user.

28
Q

Describe a hard disk

A

Consists of several inflexible, circular platters that store items electronically.

28
Q

Describe SSD (sold state drive)

A

Storage device that is faster than hard drive.

28
Q

What is the role of storage

A

Holds items such as data, instructions and information for future use.

29
Q

Describe a CD (compact disk)

A

Flat, round, portable metal storage medium.

30
Q

Describe a DVD

A

extremely high capacity compact disk.

31
Q

Describe a Tape

A

Magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information at low cost.

32
Q

Describe a USB

A

Makes it easy to charge a device or transfer information from one device to another.

33
Q

Describe a SD card (secure digital card)

A

Another portable device that is a small flash memory card.

34
Q

Describe Smart Card

A

Similar in size to a credit card and stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded on the card.

35
Q

Describe BIOS (basic input/output system)

A

BIOS is the program a computer’s microprocessor uses to start the computer system after it is powered on.

IT (21 decks)

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