Lesson 2: Eukaryotic Organelles Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
-Storage and transmission of genetic information
-DNA used to make proteins which are wrapped in proteins to make chromosomes
The nucleus contains DNA that is used to synthesize proteins.
What is the structure of DNA in non-dividing cells?
DNA assumes the form of chromatin
Chromatin is less tightly compacted than chromosomes.
What does the nucleolus produce?
Ribosomes
The nucleolus is a site of ribosome production within the nucleus.
What is nucleoplasm?
Nuclear fluid – like cytoplasm
Nucleoplasm is found within the nucleus.
What is the function of the nuclear pore complex?
Allows small molecules to enter and exit the nucleus
The nuclear pore complex consists of little pores in the nuclear membrane.
What is the role of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
-Studded with ribosomes to create proteins
-Allows for info to transfer from DNA to protein
-Example of a function of these proteins: Expressing genes
Proteins have functions including expression of genetic traits.
What does smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) synthesize?
Lipids
-Ex. Estrogen, Testosterone, Phospholipids
Examples include phospholipids, estrogen, and testosterone.
What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for?
Modifying proteins received from the rough ER to be sent to multiple destinations
-Ex. Organelles
-cell membrane
-Releases out of cell
-Delivered using vesicles
Proteins are delivered using vesicles.
What is the function of vesicles in endomembrane transport?
Transport and process proteins
Vesicles are small sac-like structures.
What are lysosomes known as?
Cellular stomachs
-Digests: Products of ingestion, worn our organelles, bacteria, etc.
They digest products of ingestion, worn out organelles, bacteria, etc.
What pigment do chloroplasts contain?
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll converts light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into sugar.
What is the structure of chloroplasts?
Contains a liquid stroma and flattened disks called thylakoids
A stack of thylakoids is called a granum.
What do mitochondria break down to provide energy?
High energy organic molecules
An example is glucose, which is converted to ATP.
What is the inner membrane of mitochondria called?
Cristae
The fluid-filled space in the inner membrane is the mitochondrial matrix.
What is the cytoskeleton?
An internal network of protein fibers
It gives structure and anchors organelles in place.
What are microtubules?
Fibers that maintain shape and are used in cell division
They also form spindle fibers.
What are intermediate filaments responsible for?
Maintaining cell shape and anchoring organelles
They provide structural support within the cell.
What is the role of microfilaments?
Help maintain cell shape and helps cell split during division
They help the cell cleave during division.
Nuclear Matrix
Proteins to give nucleus support and structure
