Lesson 2- Basic Biology

Question 1

As viruses are acellular ( not cells) what do they need to reproduce

Answer 1

A host

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

Outer boundary that separates cell from environment and regulates passage

Question 3

Nuders

Answer 3

Contains DNA infornm of chromosomes und contras cellular activity

Question 4

RER

Answer 4

Studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis

Question 5

SER

Answer 5

Lipid synthesis and Calcium storage

Question 6

What does the nucleolus contain

Answer 6

rRNA and proteins

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Protein synthesis

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

Contain acidic fluid to break down bacteria and cell debris

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Chemical energy by synthetizing ATP

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Cellular processes

Question 12

Why is the cell Cycle needed

Answer 12

Reproduce, grow, renewal

Question 13

What is The cell cycle

Answer 13

Process by which a cell divides into 2 new calls

Question 14

Where do cells come from

Answer 14

Pre-existing cells

Question 15

Explain info about mitosis

Answer 15

2 cells , asexual, identical cells, le-plants

Question 16

Explain info for meiosis

Answer 16

4 daughter cells with each half the number of chromosomes , sexual, non-identical

Question 17

What are the 6 stages of cell cycle

Answer 17

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase and cytokinesis

Question 18

Explain prophase

Answer 18

•Chromosomes condense, spindle fibres form, nuclear envelope breaks down, centromeres move towards opposite poles

Question 19

Explain prometaphase

Answer 19

Kinetochores appear at the centromeres, mitotic spindle micrtotubles teach to kinetochores

Question 20

Explain metaphase

Answer 20

Chromosomes line up in the centre, each sister. chromatid attaches to spindle fibres form from opposite poles

Question 21

Explain anaphase

Answer 21

Centromeres spilt in two, sister chromatids pulled to opposite sides, spindle fibres elongate cell

Question 22

Explain telophase

Answer 22

Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, nuclear envelope surrounds each set of chromosomes, mitotic spindle breaks down, spindle fibres push poles apart

Question 23

What do the cell cycle checkpoints check for

Answer 23

DNA damage, cell size, unduplicated centrosomes, damage or unduplicated dna, chromosomes attached to mitotic spindle

Question 24

How are chromosomes organised

Answer 24

Two linear units

Question 25

What do x and X chromosomes form

Answer 25

Female

Question 26

What do x and Y chromosomes form

Answer 26

Male

Question 27

What is a nucleotide

Answer 27

A structure made up of a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, an a nitrogenous base

Question 28

What at the our types nitrogenous basses

Answer 28

Cytosine, thymine, guanine and adenine

Question 29

What is a karyotype an why is it used

Answer 29

An individual complete set of chromosomes to check for abnormalities in chromosome number or structure

Question 30

When does fertilisation happen

Answer 30

A sperm cell successfully meets an egg cell in the fallopian tube

Question 31

What is embryogenesis

Answer 31

The process where the embryo forms and develops

Question 32

Where can nervous tissue be found

Answer 32

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 33

Where can epithelial tissue be found

Answer 33

Lining of organs

Question 34

Where can muscle tissue be found

Answer 34

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle

Question 35

Where can connective tissue be found

Answer 35

Fat and padding tissues, bone, tendons