Lesson 2- Basic Biology Flashcards
As viruses are acellular ( not cells) what do they need to reproduce
A host
Cell membrane
Outer boundary that separates cell from environment and regulates passage
Nuders
Contains DNA infornm of chromosomes und contras cellular activity
RER
Studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis
SER
Lipid synthesis and Calcium storage
What does the nucleolus contain
rRNA and proteins
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Lysosomes
Contain acidic fluid to break down bacteria and cell debris
Mitochondria
Chemical energy by synthetizing ATP
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
Cytoplasm
Cellular processes
Why is the cell Cycle needed
Reproduce, grow, renewal
What is The cell cycle
Process by which a cell divides into 2 new calls
Where do cells come from
Pre-existing cells
Explain info about mitosis
2 cells , asexual, identical cells, le-plants
Explain info for meiosis
4 daughter cells with each half the number of chromosomes , sexual, non-identical
What are the 6 stages of cell cycle
Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase and cytokinesis
Explain prophase
•Chromosomes condense, spindle fibres form, nuclear envelope breaks down, centromeres move towards opposite poles
Explain prometaphase
Kinetochores appear at the centromeres, mitotic spindle micrtotubles teach to kinetochores
Explain metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the centre, each sister. chromatid attaches to spindle fibres form from opposite poles
Explain anaphase
Centromeres spilt in two, sister chromatids pulled to opposite sides, spindle fibres elongate cell
Explain telophase
Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, nuclear envelope surrounds each set of chromosomes, mitotic spindle breaks down, spindle fibres push poles apart
What do the cell cycle checkpoints check for
DNA damage, cell size, unduplicated centrosomes, damage or unduplicated dna, chromosomes attached to mitotic spindle
How are chromosomes organised
Two linear units
What do x and X chromosomes form
Female
What do x and Y chromosomes form
Male
What is a nucleotide
A structure made up of a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, an a nitrogenous base
What at the our types nitrogenous basses
Cytosine, thymine, guanine and adenine
What is a karyotype an why is it used
An individual complete set of chromosomes to check for abnormalities in chromosome number or structure
When does fertilisation happen
A sperm cell successfully meets an egg cell in the fallopian tube
What is embryogenesis
The process where the embryo forms and develops
Where can nervous tissue be found
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Where can epithelial tissue be found
Lining of organs
Where can muscle tissue be found
Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle
Where can connective tissue be found
Fat and padding tissues, bone, tendons
