Lesson 2 Flashcards
Conjunction
Use “And” for conditional statements
Disjunction
Use “or” which means at least one half must be included but both can be included
Modality
How likely something is to happen
Very strong modality
0% and 100 %
Strong modality
50 - 100 %
Weak Modality
1 - 100 %
Very strong modality Key words
Must Is/Are Will Do/Does Always
Strong modality Key words
Probably Likely Usually Most of the time Majority of the time
Weak modality Key words
May Might Could Can Occasionally Often Sometimes
Very strong quantification Key words
All
Any
Every
Almost All
Strong quantification Key words
Most
Majority
Weak quantification Key words
Some
Many
Few
Several
Must be True Questions Prompts
“If the statements above are true, which one of the following MUST BE TRUE”
“Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the information above”
Must be True approach
Only use stimulus, look for conditional statement and logical force
If conditional statements then diagram and anticipate
If can’t diagram, then Anticipate weak answer choice
Common incorrect answers for Must be True
1) Fallacy of inverse and converse
2) Outside of scope or too strong
3) Causes or explanations for phenomenon
4) Hypotheticals about the future or what could have been
Soft Must be True Prompts
The statements above, if true, MOST STRONGLY SUPPORT which one of the following
Which one of the following is BEST ILLUSTRATED by the information above
Soft Must be True approach
Only use stimulus, look for conditional statement and logical force
If conditional statements then diagram and anticipate
If can’t diagram, then Anticipate weak answer choice and/or summary of the stimulus
Common Incorrect Answers for Soft Must be True
1) Fallacy of Converse and Inverse
2) Too strong or outside the scope
3) Hypotheticals
Must be False Prompts
Must be False
Except
Must be False Approach
Usually Diagram
Look for conditional and logical force
If cannot diagram then find answer choice that would violate those relationships
Common incorrect answers for Must be False
1) Statements that could be true even if unlikely
2) Outside the scope
Find the principle
The stimulus is the example of the principle
Unlikely to diagram
Find broad answer
Principle in the stimulus
The example is in the answer
Almost always diagramed
look for answer that affirms sufficient and concludes necessary
watch out for converse
If not conditional statement will change the “and” to “or” and vice verse
Just read the card as a reminder
