Lesson 1 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of the Implication Family?
1) Goes down from stimulus to answer choices
2) Find answer that must be true/false based on stimulus
3) This prompt assumes (infers) the stimulus is true
4) Almost never an actual argument
5) Pick answers based on True/False
What are the characteristics of the Operation Family?
1) Goes up from answer choices to stimulus
2) Find the answer that modifies/changes stimulus in the right way
3) Assume that the answer choices are true
4) Usually an argument
5) Don’t care about T/F, worry about the function/operation
What are the characteristics of the Characterization Family?
1) Glasses because you characterize or describe the stimulus or even part of it
2) Do not assume anything is true
3) Always an argument with a conclusion
4) Look for answers that are True+ right description
What is the sufficient side of conditional language?
1) It is on the left
2) It is the “If” side
3) It is the one that is “enough” or “suffices” alone
What is the necessary side of conditional language?
1) It is on the right
2) It is the “Then” side
3) Is required and cannot suffice alone
Example of conditional language?
If the car starts, then it has gas
S ————–> N
How to get the contrapositive
Switch and Negate
A -> B
No B -> No A
Fallacy of Converse
Bad thing
A -> B
B -> A
Fallacy of Inverse
Bad Thing
A -> B
No A -> No B
Sufficiency Key Words
1) If
2) When
3) Whenever
4) All
5) Any
6) Each
7) Every
Necessity Key Words
1) Then
2) Only
3) Only if
4) Only When
5) Needs
6) Requires
7) Must
Trick for “The Only”
Not for Only or Only if
Use the “is” or “are” to find the necessary condition
The only people who can practice law ARE those with a JD
So PL -> JD
If and Only If Statements
Its a double sided arrow that goes both ways
What are the words to replace with “If not”?
Without, unless, until, except
What to do with the words No/None?
Use the No or None torpedo to the second
No men wear perfume
Men -> No Perfume
