Lesson 2

Question 1

What is a coast?

Answer 1

A system with 3 main components (inputs,processes and outputs). Any change to a particular component will have an impact on the rest of the system

Question 2

What is the shape of a coast determined by?

Answer 2

geology and wave action

Question 3

What are examples of aspects to geology? (3)

Answer 3

resistance to erosion and weathering
number of joints/bedding planes
amount of folding

Question 4

Wave characteristics? (4)

Answer 4

energy
fetch
prevalent and dominate wind direction
Depth of water

Question 5

What is a cliff profile?

Answer 5

The height and angle of a cliff as well as its features

Question 6

What is marine erosion and examples? (3)

Answer 6

Associated with the action of waves. This includes erosion, transportation and deposition.

Question 7

What are sub aerial processes and examples?

Answer 7

Land-based processes which alter the shape of the coastline. A combination of weathering and mass movement. As of limited marine influence its is not removed

Question 8

What are coastal plains?

Answer 8

Areas of low lying, low relief areas close to the coast.

Question 9

What do coastal plains contain?

Answer 9

wetlands and marshes because they are just above sea level and poorly drained to the flatness of the landscape.

Question 10

How does a deposition of sediment cause coastal plains to form?

Answer 10

A deposition of sediment from the land, brought down to the coast by river systems can cause coastal accretion where the coastline gradually moved sea ward.

Question 11

How does the sea level cause coastal plains to form?

Answer 11

As a result of the sea level fall exposing the sea bed, that was once a shallow continental shelf

Question 12

What are the inputs to a coast? (4)

Answer 12

marine- waves
Atmospheric - Solar Energy, Climate
Terrestrial/Land - Tectonics, Geology, gravity
People - Sea defences, tourism/recreation

Question 13

Types of erosion at the coast?

Answer 13

Attrition - Rocks hitting off each other
Abrasion - Waves throw rocks at cliff
Hydraulic action - Force of waves breaking against cliff causes bits to break off
Solution - Rocks dissolve in water

Question 14

Types of transport at the coast?

Answer 14

Suspension - Sediment floating due to it being very fine
Solution - Dissolved material carried along
Salutation - Pebbles bounced off each other
Traction - Large rocks rolled along the sea bed

Question 15

Types of Deposition at the coast?

Answer 15

Only happens by constructive waves as they have a high swash so material is deposited
Or due to a reduction of energy resulting in sheltered bays/shallow water

Question 16

Types of erosional landforms at the coast? (8)

Answer 16

Cliffs, wave cut platforms, headlands, bays, stacks, stumps, arches and caves

Question 17

Types of Depositional landforms at the coast? (4)

Answer 17

Beaches, spits, salt marshes and mangroves

Question 18

Types of outputs at the coast?

Answer 18

Material carried to sea

Material deposited above the high water mark

Question 19

What is deposition?

Answer 19

The process which waves and tides lose energy, stop transport and release eroded material.

Question 20

Where is the Pembrokeshire coast?

Answer 20

South West of Wales

Question 21

What is the geology at the Pembrokeshire coast?

Answer 21

sedimentary and igneous as a result of volcanic activity

Question 22

What types of processes operate at the Pembrokeshire coast?

Answer 22

Marine and subaerial processes

Question 23

What is the dominant wave direction at the Pembrokeshire coast and what is the fetch length?

Answer 23

South westerly and the fetch is large

Question 24

What else can contribute towards the length of the waves?

Answer 24

Atlantic weather systems, can generate waves 5-10 meters high

Question 25

What type of coastline is the Pembrokeshire coast?

Answer 25

concordant and discordant

Question 26

What are the main headlands at the Pembrokeshire coast called and which part of the coast do they form?

Answer 26

St David and St Ann’s head, relatively resistant igneous rock.
Discordant

Question 27

Where are the fault and small features eg caves found at the Pembrokeshire coast?

Answer 27

concordant part, rock is limestone, easily eroded