Lesson 2-4 Flashcards
Traditionally refers to the study and interpretation of the written record of past human activity, people, societies, and civilizations leading up to the present day.
History
The term “HISTORY” comes from the Greek word “_______” (_________)
ἱστορία (historia)
But the common definition of History, it means
“________________”
The Past of Mankind
The study of the past
History
Chronological record of significant events often
including an explanation of their causes
History
Ang kasaysayan ay _____________________
SALAYSAY na may SAYSAY sa SINASALAYSAYANG
SALINGLAHI
Who said “SALAYSAY na may SAYSAY sa SINASALAYSAYANG SALINGLAHI”?
Zeus Salazar
What are the four ways past historians used all forms of evidence?
clue: EIRR
• Examine
• Interpret
• Revisit
• Reinterpret the past
History is evaluated based on three criteria:
• CREDIBILITY
• AUTHENTICITY
• ORIGIN
The process of critically examining and
analyzing the records and survivals of
the past is here called __________ ________
Historical Method
What are the 2 Division of History?
• Pre- Historic Period
• Historic Period
Period where no written records exist or when the writings of people were not preserved.
Pre- Historic Period
Analyzed through fossils and artifacts by Archaeologist and Anthropologist
Pre-Historic Period
Analyzed through ______ and _______ by
_________ and __________
fossils, artifacts by Archaeologist and Anthropologist
Period when man started to write and record events using a system of writing.
Historic Period
Analyzed through wood carves, engraved metals,
written papyrus, written papers
Historic Period
Analyzed through _______, __________,
_________, ________
wood carves, engraved metals, written papyrus, written papers
The imaginative reconstruction of the past
from the data derived by that process is called ______________ (the writing of history).
HISTORIOGRAPHY
HISTORIOGRAPHY means
The writing of history
The practice of historical writing
HISTORIOGRAPHY
How relevant the History? (4)
• It allows us to understand our past, which in turn helps us understand our present.
• We need to look to history for answers.
• It teaches us to learn from our mistakes and avoid repeating them in the future.
• It provides insight into our cultures of origin, thereby increasing cross-cultural awareness and understanding.
6 types of History
• Social History
• Political History
• Economic History
• Diplomatic History
• Intellectual History
• Cultural History
The study of how people lived, worked, and interacted in the past.
Social History
The study of leaders, governments, laws, and _______ events.
Political History
The study of how people made, traded, and used money and resources.
Economic History
The study of relationships between countries, including treaties and wars.
Diplomatic History
The study of ideas, philosophies, and how people thought in the past.
Intellectual History
The study of traditions, art, music, and beliefs of different societies.
Cultural History
____________, in his _______ article published by the American Historical Association, outlined several reasons why studying history is important.
clue: person,year
Peter N. Stearns, 1998
WHY WE SHOULD STUDY HISTORY? (5)
- History helps us understand people and
societies - History helps us understand change and how
society we live came to be - History contributes to moral understanding
- History provides identity.
- Studying History is Essential for Good Citizenship.
2 types of Sources
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Refer to documents, physical objects and
oral/video accounts made by an individual or a
group present at the time and place being
described. These materials provide facts from
people who actually witnessed the event.
Primary Sources
Created at the time when the events or conditions
occurred, but can also be created later if based
on first hand experiences.
Primary Sources
What are the different kind of primary sources? (5)
• Published Documents
• Unpublished Documents
• Historical Documents
• Oral Traditions
• Artworks and artifacts
Documents intended for public distribution or use
Published Documents
Documents that are not published may be used as primary sources
Unpublished Documents
It refers to records of past events
Historical Documents
Traditions and histories or stories transferred through generations may tell us something about the past.
Oral Traditions
Drawings, paintings, sculptures, photographs, and artifacts are some of the visual documents that may have captured historic moments and provide evidence to change that happened over time.
Artworks and Artifacts
3 sample of Primary Sources
• Diary of Anne Frank
• Sarah Morgan Dawson: A Confederate Girl’s Diary
• Nelson Mandela “Long Walk to Freedom”
• diaries
• journals
• letters
• photographs and illustrations, video and audio recordings
• maps
• newspaper articles from the time period archives and manuscripts pamphlets
Primary Sources
• broadsides, posters and other ephemera
autobiographical
• materials
• interview or speech transcripts
• oral histories artifacts
• government documents (laws, bills, proceedings,
acts, census records, etc.)
Primary Sources
Are records based on primary sources. They
explain a certain event of the past through
evaluation and interpretation of the records
created during a historical period.
Secondary Sources
Are materials made by people long after the
events being described had taken place.
Secondary Sources
It involves critically examining and analyzing the
records and survivals of the past.
Historical Method
Refers to the process of probing primary sources
that will be used in writing history. This includes
source criticism which studies the external and
internal validity of sources
Historical Method
The first five questions are considered to be part of _______ ______. Answers concerns and questions pertinent to the authenticity of
a historical source by identifying that composed the historical material
External Criticism
locating when and where the historical material was produced, and establishing the material’s evidential value
External Criticism
External Criticism Looks into; (5)
[1] Appearance,
[2] Consistency with the historical period,
[3] Medium of the source,
[4] Quality of paper and the ink, and the
[5] Grammar or handwriting of the author.
The last question is treated as _______ _______ as it helps the historians determine the credibility of the source. (What is the evidential value of its contents? )
Internal Criticism
Deals with the credibility and reliability of the content of a given historical source
Internal Criticism
Internal Criticism focused on? (4)
[1] Quest for particular details.
[2] Focus attention on the author or creator,
[3] situation surrounding its existence and the
[4] Intended audience or reader.
______ in ______ has explained the difference between external and internal criticism in the illustration:
Clue: person,year
Neuman, 2013
When Written?, Where Was It Written?, Why Did It Survive?, Authentic , Meaning in Context ,Who Was the Real Author?
External Criticism
Eyewitness or Secondhand Account?, Why Was It Written?, Primary Document, Literal Meaning?, Internal Consistency? , Connotations?, Meaning in Context
Internal Criticism
The ____ is holding about 60,000,000 archival documents with Spanish Collection comprising an estimated 13,000,000 manuscripts from the 16th to 19th Century with 400 titles on various aspects of Philippine history under the a.) Spanish rule, b.) American and Japanese occupation records, and c.) recent records composed of notarial documents, registers, civil service records, and 1,000 cubic meter of inactive records of national/local governments, including those of abolished, transferred or merged offices.
THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHILIPPINES
THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHILIPPINES
Organized under Republic Act No. 9470 passed on May 21, 2007, the National Archives of the Philippines (NAP) was established to store, preserve, conserve, and make available to the public the records, papers, periodicals, books or other items, articles or materials, that have been selected for permanent reservation.
Repositories of Primary Sources
is the repository of the printed and recorded cultural heritage of the country and other intellectual, literary and information sources.
It was established by a royal decree on 12 August 1887 and named as the Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas. Its mission is to acquire, organize, conserve, and preserve Filipiniana materials and provide equitable access to library resources
through a system of public libraries throughout the country.
National Library of the Philippines (NLP)
A government agency of the Philippines. Its
mission is to promote the Philippine History and
cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, conservation, sites management and heraldry works
NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE
PHILIPPINES
is the raw material of history
teaching and learning.
Evidence
Father of New Philippine Historiograph
Zeus Salazar
As an educational, scientific, and cultural institution, the ________ _____operates the ______ _____ of Fine Arts, _______ _____ of Anthropology, _____ ____ of Natural History, National Planetarium and other branch museums around the country. Its collection covers fine arts, archeology, ethnography, and natural history.
National Museum
