Lesson 2-4 Flashcards
It controls all the chemical activities of the cell. The nucleic materials (DNA and RNA) are the principal molecules responsible for this actions.
Nucleus
a jellylike, clear substance that fills the entire cell’s volume. Consists 90% of water.Contains protein, amino acids and glucose
Cytoplasm
provides space for important chemical reactions/activities and help move chemicals to their proper destinations
Endoplasmic Recticulum (ER)
smallest organelles of cell and responsible for protein synthesis
Ribosome
Powerhouse of the cell. They contain enzymes that aid the cell in drawing energy from glucose.
Mitochondria
It stores water and other materials for use by the cells. Big on plant cells and small on animal cells
Vacuoles
Small, saclike structures that contain digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
prepare certain protein compounds for dispersal from the cell.
Golgi Bodies
-Small thin tubes
-act as support structures for the cell
Microtubules
they serve as organizer structures for the microtubules within the cell. Can also be seen in animal cell
Centrioles
Separates and protects the interior part of the cell from the outside environment
Cell membrane
Act as supportive structure for plant cell
Cell wall
Two kinds of organelles act as cellular powerhouses playing essential roles in manufacturing food and releasing energy, respectively
Mitochondria ( for animals) & Chloroplasts (for plants)
organelles for the production of food in the form of sugars with the use of carbon dioxide, water and energy from sunlight
Chloroplasts
the conversion of light energy into chemical energy that is stored in organic compounds such as carbohydrates/glucose.
Photosynthesis
Formula for photosynthesis
6CO(carbon dioxide) +6H2O (water) —->(With light) C6H12O6+ 6 O2
Formula for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6+ 6 O2 —-> 6CO+6H2O + ATP
What are the three stages of Photosynthesis?
1.Capturing energy from sunlight
2.Making ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) and,
3.Building carbohydrates
Conversion of chemical energy from nutrients (glucose) into ATP, and then release waste product
Cellular Respiration
What are the three Stages of cellular respiration?
1Glycolysis
2Krebs Cycle
3Electron transport chain
Its splitting glucose molecules into two molecules of pyruvate. It also produces two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH
Glycolysis
It occurs in inner mitochondrial membrane where series of protein complexes are located. This process produce large amount of ATP.
Electron transport chain & Chemiosmosis
This process happens in the matrix of Mitochondria.
This process will produce:
6 molecules of NADH
2 molecules of ATP
2 molecules of FADH2
Krebs Cycle
The process by which living cells convert the energy released by the oxidation of organic compounds into the energy-carrier molecule ATP(Adenosine TriPhosphate).
Chemiosmosis
