LESSON 2 & 3 Flashcards
Primary responsible to produce historical
knowledge through continuous research and
rethinking of history
Historian
Making sense of given primary sources and
historical documents through content and
contextual analyses
Historical
Interpretation
A disposition brought together by one’s
context that influences a historian’s historical
interest and selection of sources and
methodology
Bias or
Subjectivity
Founders of Annales School of History
Lucien Febvre
Marc Bloch
The school of history born in France that challenged the canons
of history. This school of thought did away with the common
historical subjects that were almost always related to the conduct
of states and monarchs.
ANNALES SCHOOL OF HISTORY
Historical sources that were produced and
created in the same period as the historical
subject being studied
Primary Sources
Historical works that were written and produced using primary sources
Secondary Sources
The kind of criticism done to establish the
authenticity of a primary source
External Criticism
The kind of criticism employed in analyzing
the content of a primary source
Internal Criticism
the
earliest written document known in the Philippines today.
is the first legal document recorded in the Philippines.
Laguna Copperplate Inscription
are original records of a certain event by people
who have experienced or witnessed it. These may include original
works such as letters, legislations, newspaper articles,
diaries, interviews, government documents, reports,
photographs, literature, and other creative outputs.
Primary sources
tell a story or
message. These include diaries, films, biographies,
leading philosophical works, and scientific works.
Narrative sources or literary sources
include charters and other legal
documents which observe a set format.
Diplomatic sources
are records created by
organizations, such as registers of births and tax scores.
Social documents
are records based on
primary sources. They explain a certain event of the past through
evaluation and interpretation of the records created during a
historical period. These may include research, textbooks,
research journals, commentaries, and criticism or reviews of
literary and creative works.
SECONDARY SOURCES
source criticism asks the following questions:
a. Date – When was it produced?
b. Location – Where did it originate?
c. Authorship - Who wrote it?
d. Analysis – What pre-existing material served as the basis for
its production?
e. Integrity – What was its original form?
f. Credibility – What is the evidential value of its content?
seeks for the truth and light of the
historical records and aims to have new facts and interpretations
of events of the past.
Historical Revisionism
changes and falsifies
the historical records for a personal pursuit.
Historical Distortion
evaluates the ancient text to assess its credibility and authenticity
of its content through external and internal criticisms.
Historical Criticism
One of the most scandalous cases of deception
in Philippine history is the __ The code was a set of rules
contained in an epic. Maragtas, which was
allegedly written by a certain Datu Kalantiaw.
hoax Code of
Kalantiaw.
debunked the authenticity of the code due
to anachronism and lack of evidence to prove that the code
existed in the pre-colonial Philippine society.
William Henry Scott
Ferdinand Marcos also claimed that he was a decorated World
War II soldier who led a guerilla unit called __
Ang Maharlika.
Primary sources may be __
published or unpublished documents.
are those that are intended for public
distribution or use. Newspapers, magazines, books, reports,
government documents, laws, court decisions, literary works,
posters, maps, and advertisements are some examples.
Published documents
may
be difficult to locate as they are kept private and hence, may not
be easily accessed by the public. These documents are also
confidential and are restricted from public use like personal
letters, which are in the possession of the recipients.
Unpublished documents,
Primary sources may also be . These may include oral
traditions, oral histories, artworks, and artifacts.
unwritten
was established to store,
preserve, conserve, and make available
to the public the records, papers,
periodicals, books or other items,
articles, or materials, that have been
selected for permanent reservation.
National Archives of the Philippines
is the repository of
the printed and recorded cultural heritage of the country and other
intellectual, literary, and information
sources.
The National Library of the Philippines (NLP)
As an educational, scientific, and cultural institution, the National
Museum (NM) operates the National
Museum of Fine Arts, the National
Museum of Anthropology, the
National Museum of Natural History,
the National Planetarium, and other
branch museums around the country.
Its collection covers fine arts, archeology, ethnography, and
natural history.
The National Museum of the Philippines
