Lesson 2 Flashcards
What is critical thinking?
An intellectual discipline involving identifying, evaluating, and constructing arguments.
How do thinking and reasoning differ?
Thinking encompasses a broad range of thought production, while reasoning is limited to conscious logical thought.
What role does reasoning play in critical thinking?
It examines logical relationships among statements or data and infers conclusions from premises.
What are the four governing components of the reasoning process?
1) Elements 2) Standards 3) Principles 4) Virtues
What are the basic elements of reason?
Purpose, point of view, assumptions, implications, concepts, information, interpretations, and consequences.
What does ‘embodies a point of view’ refer to in reasoning?
It involves different frames of reference, perspectives, and worldviews.
What is the significance of generating purposes in reasoning?
It involves setting goals and objectives for actions taken.
Why are questions important in reasoning?
They guide thought and are necessary for evaluating ideas.
What are assumptions in the context of reasoning?
Presuppositions that are taken for granted in the reasoning process.
What type of information is used in reasoning?
Data, facts, evidence, observations, experiences, and reasons.
What do concepts in reasoning refer to?
Abstract ideas, theories, definitions, laws, principles, and models.
What are interpretations and inferences in reasoning?
Conclusions and solutions derived from reasoning.
What does generating implications and consequences mean?
Identifying the logical effects of a thought or action.
What is unreflective thinking?
A state of being unaware of significant problems in our thinking.
What characterizes challenged thinking?
Confrontation with significant problems, urging one to think critically.
What is involved in beginning to think?
Trying to improve thinking without regular practice.
What does practicing thinking entail?
Regular practice of thinking to solve significant problems.
What defines advanced thinking?
Commitment to lifelong practice and internalization of intellectual virtues.
What is accomplished thinking?
Intellectual skills and virtues becoming second nature, allowing one to be a mentor or advisor.
What is clarity in critical thinking?
The ability to express ideas clearly and elaborately.
What does accuracy in reasoning require?
Verification and evidence to support claims.
What is the role of logic in reasoning?
It examines the quality of thought and coherence of arguments.
What does depth refer to in critical thinking?
The level of reflection applied to thoughts and issues.
What is breadth in reasoning?
Considering multiple perspectives to avoid limited viewpoints.
What does significance refer to in critical thinking?
The importance and relevance of an issue.
What is sufficiency in reasoning?
Having enough information to adequately address a question.
What does relevance ensure in an argument?
That the argument stays focused on the issue and contributes to solutions.
