LESSON 2 Flashcards
refers to the shared values, beliefs, customs,
practices, and behaviors learned and transmitted
within a group, shaping their identity, social norms, and
way of life.
culture
refers to all people, collectively regarded as constituting a community of related, interdependent
individuals living in a definite place. Following a
certain mode certain mode of life.
Society
unites people through
shared beliefs and practices,
creating a sense of belonging.
culture
provides the guidelines for how
people in a society should behaveb
Culture
gives structure and meaning
to culture.
society
is determined by the
interactions between people in their
everyday activities: styles of dress,
the use of slang, greeting rituals, and the
foods that people eat.
popular culture
Refers to cultural products and
practices that are produced for and
consumed by a large number of
people.
MASS CULTURE
Popular TV series like “Friends,” “Game of Thrones,”
and “Stranger Things” have wide audiences and
significant cultural impact.
Television Shows
Blockbuster films such as “The Avengers,” “Star
Wars,” and the Harry Potter series are examples of
mass culture, enjoyed by millions worldwide.
Movies
Pop music artists like Taylor Swift, BTS, and Beyoncé
produce music that reaches a global audience.
Music
Brands like Nike, Zara, and H&M create clothing
that is widely worn and recognized.
Fashion
Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook are
integral parts of mass culture, influencing trends and
behaviors.
Social Media
Major sports events like the FIFA World Cup, the
Olympics, and the Super Bowl attract massive
viewership and participation.
Sports
Chains like McDonald’s, Starbucks, and KFC are
ubiquitous and represent mass culture in the food
industry.
Fast Food
Popular games like “Fortnite,” “Minecraft,” and “Call
of Duty” have large, dedicated player bases.
Video Games
Refers to the traditional practices, customs, and
ways of life passed down through
generations within a community.
It encompasses the everyday activities, beliefs, and
artifacts that are characteristic of a particular group of people, often in rural or less industrialized areas.
FOLK CULTURE
Folk culture is typically
localized
traditional
communal
oral
it is specific to a particular region or
community.
Localized
It is rooted in long-standing
customs and traditions.
Traditional
It is shared and practiced by
members of the community.
Communal
it is often transmitted orally through
stories, songs, and rituals.
Oral
❑Tinikling: A traditional Filipino dance that
involves dancers stepping over and between
bamboo poles that are clapped together in
rhythm.
❑Kundiman: A genre of traditional Filipino love
songs, often characterized by their soulful and
melancholic melodies.
Traditional Music and Dance
❑Weaving: The art of weaving is prevalent in
various regions, such as the Inabel textiles from
Ilocos and the T’nalak fabric made by the T’boli
people in Mindanao.
❑Pottery: The Burnay pottery from Vigan, Ilocos
Sur, is known for its durability and unique
designs.
Handicrafts and Art
❑Sinulog Festival: Celebrated in Cebu City, this
festival honors the Santo Niño (Child Jesus) with
street dancing, parades, and religious processions.
❑Pahiyas Festival: Held in Lucban, Quezon, this
festival features houses decorated with colorful
rice wafers (kiping) and agricultural produce to
celebrate a bountiful harvest.
Festivals and Celebrations
❑Lechon: A popular dish consisting of a whole
roasted pig, often served during special occasions
and festivals.
❑Adobo: A traditional Filipino dish made with
meat (usually chicken or pork) marinated in
vinegar, soy sauce, garlic, and spices.
Cuisine
❑Barong Tagalog: A traditional Filipino formal
shirt for men, made from lightweight,
embroidered fabric.
❑Terno: A traditional dress for women,
characterized by its butterfly sleeves and elegant
design.
Clothing
❑Bahay Kubo: A traditional Filipino stilt house
made of bamboo and nipa palm, commonly found
in rural areas.
❑Bahay na Bato: A type of house that emerged
during the Spanish colonial period, combining
native Filipino and Spanish architectural styles.
Architecture
❑Folktales: Stories such as “The Legend of the
Pineapple” and “The Monkey and the Turtle” are
passed down through generations.
❑Proverbs: Wise sayings like “Pag may tiyaga,
may nilaga” (If you persevere, you will reap the
fruits of your labor) reflect Filipino values and
beliefs.
Oral Traditions
Refers to the cultural products and
activities considered to be of the
highest quality and sophistication,
often associated with the elite or
educated classes.
HIGH CULTURE
includes various forms of art,
literature, music, and other cultural
expressions that are highly regarded
for their artistic and intellectual value.
high culture
❑José Rizal’s Novels: “Noli Me Tangere” and “El Filibusterismo” are considered masterpieces
of Philippine literature, offering profound insights
into Filipino society during the Spanish colonial
period.
❑Nick Joaquin’s Works: Renowned for his
short stories and novels, Nick Joaquin’s writings
explore Filipino identity and history.
Literature
❑ Juan Luna’s Paintings: Juan Luna, a
prominent Filipino painter, is known for his
works such as “Spoliarium,” which won a gold
medal at the 1884 Madrid Exposition.
❑ Fernando Amorsolo’s Art: Amorsolo is
celebrated for his idyllic and
romanticized
depictions of rural Philippine life.
Visual Arts
❑Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra:
One of the leading orchestras in the Philippines,
performing classical music and promoting
musical excellence.
❑Lea Salonga: An internationally acclaimed
singer and actress, known for her roles in musical
theater, including “Miss Saigon” and “Les
Misérables.”
Music
❑Cultural Center of the Philippines
(CCP): A premier venue for performing arts,
showcasing ballet, opera, theater, and other high
cultural performances.
❑Tanghalang Pilipino: The resident theater
company of the CCP, known for its productions of
classic and contemporary Filipino plays.
Theater
❑Ballet Philippines: A leading ballet company
that performs both classical and contemporary
ballet pieces.
❑Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group: While
primarily focused on folk dance, their
performances often elevate traditional dances to a
high cultural status through professional staging
and choreography.
Dance
❑San Agustin Church: A UNESCO World
Heritage Site, this Baroque church in Manila is an
example of high cultural heritage in architecture.
❑Cultural and Historical Buildings:
Structures like the Manila Metropolitan Theater
and the National Museum of the Philippines are
significant for their architectural and cultural
value.
Architecture
is generally seen as being superficial
when compared to the
sophistication of high culture.
popular culture
Superficial: focusing on
entertainment value rather than
intellectual or artistic merit.
Shallow: lacking complexity,
nuance, and depth
Popular Culture
Sophistication: requires
a certain level of education,
refinement, and cultural
knowledge to appreciate
Depth: exploring complex
themes, emotions, and ideas
Intellectualism: valuing
critical thinking, analysis, and
artistic expression.
High Culture
examples of popular culture
hugot
pick up lines
meme
daily dose of teleserye
Refers to phrases or quotes that
express deep emotional pain,
longing, or heartache, often
poetically or sentimentally.
hugot
Refers to phrases or sentences used
to initiate a conversation,
typically with a romantic or social
interest, in hopes of “picking up”
or attracting someone.
PICK UP LINES
A meme is humorous online content
like images and videos, that spurred
the trend with which added context
and illustration to achieve the
intended effect.
MEME
Teleseryes or primetime TV series are
often criticized for their seemingly
endless storylines.
DAILY DOSE OF
TELESERYE
comes and goes
along with the shifting beliefs and
activities. They’re technically
inessential but they give color to the
ordinary and add flavor to the
humdrum bustle of life.
Popular culture
is formed
through a dynamic and
ongoing process that involves
the interaction of various
factors.
Popular culture
Creation and Production
a) Artistic Expression
b) Cultural Industries
Dissemination & Distribution
a) Mass Media
b) Digital Platforms
c) Marketing and Advertisement
Consumption & Interpretation
a) Audience Reception
b) Fan Culture
Evolution & Transformation
a) Cultural Exchange
b) Social Change
c) Technological Advancement
The process of popular
culture formation is a
continuous feedback
loop, where:
Creators
Audiences
Cultural industries
FEEDBACK
LOOP
produce new content in
response to changing societal trends and
technological advancement
Creators
consume and interpret
cultural products, influencing their
preferences and behaviors.
Audiences
adapt to changing consumer demands and
technological innovations, shaping the
production and dissemination of cultural
products.
Cultural Industries
source’s of popular culture
mass media
digital media
social and cultural ins
technology and innovation
globalization and cultural exchange
• Television
• Radio
• Print Media
• Film
Mass Media
• Internet
• Streaming
Services
• Video Games
• Podcasts
digital media
• Education
• Religion
• Family and
Community
• Subcultures
Social and Cultural Ins.
• Smartphones
• Artificial Intelligence
• Virtual Reality
• Social Media Platforms
Technology and
Innovation
• International Trade
• Migration and Diaspora
• Tourism
• Global Events
Globalization and Cultural Exchange
