Lesson 2 Flashcards
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is the production of offspring from a single parent, where the genetic makeup of the offspring is identical to the parent.
What happens to the chromosomes during asexual reproduction?
The chromosomes of the parent cells are duplicated and divided to form two new daughter cells.
How does multicellular asexual reproduction occur?
Multicellular asexual reproduction occurs through mitosis, which allows somatic (non-sex) cells to undergo cellular repair, growth, and reproduction.
What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
- Interphase: The cell prepares for division and spends most of its time here.
- Mitosis: The nucleus of the cell divides into two nuclei.
- Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides to form two identical daughter cells.
What are three things that happen during Interphase?
- The cell grows (G1).
- Cellular components are duplicated to ensure there is enough material for two cells (G2).
- DNA is duplicated, resulting in two identical double-stranded DNA molecules (S phase).
What happens during Prophase?
Chromosomes condense.
Microtubules/spindle fibers begin to form.
Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell.
What happens during Metaphase?
Microtubules/spindle fibers attach to the sister chromatids, lining them up along the metaphase plate.
What happens during Anaphase?
A protein called separase separates the sister chromatids, and the spindle fibers shorten, pulling the chromatids toward opposite spindle poles.
What happens during Telophase?
The mitotic spindle breaks down, and a nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes.
What happens during Cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two identical daughter cells.
Which stage of the cell cycle is described by the following: ‘The chromosomes condense and microtubules/spindle fibers begin to form’?
Prophase.
Which stage of the cell cycle is described by the following: ‘Sister chromatids line up along the metaphase plate’?
Metaphase.
Which stage of the cell cycle is described by the following: ‘The spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromatids toward opposite poles’?
Anaphase.
Which stage of the cell cycle is described by the following: ‘The nuclear membrane begins to dissolve’?
Prophase.
Which stage of the cell cycle is described by the following: ‘Pinching action that results in two identical cells’?
Cleavage Furrow (Cytokinesis).
What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
If a human cell contains 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis is completed?
Each daughter cell will have 46 chromosomes.
