Lesson 1 Flashcards
What is Genetics?
Genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
What is Heredity?
Heredity is the passing down of traits from parents to offspring (inheritance).
What is the function of DNA?
DNA stores genetic information, which is passed from one generation to the next.
Where is DNA found in the cell?
DNA is found in the cell nucleus.
What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA?
Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T).
What is the function of RNA?
RNA takes genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes to make proteins.
Where is RNA found in the cell?
RNA is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus.
What are the nitrogenous bases of RNA?
Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U), and Guanine (G).
What is the shape of DNA?
DNA has a double helix shape.
What makes up DNA?
DNA is made of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases that pair together.
What are the complementary base pairs in DNA?
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T). Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
How many hydrogen bonds are between Adenine and Thymine?
There are 2 hydrogen bonds between Adenine (A) and Thymine (T).
How many hydrogen bonds are between Cytosine and Guanine?
There are 3 hydrogen bonds between Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G).
How does RNA differ from DNA?
RNA is single-stranded and contains Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T).
What is a gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for traits. Each gene occupies a specific location on the chromosome called a locus.
What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
Chromatin is loose strands of DNA and protein. Chromosomes are a denser packaging of chromatin, visible under a microscope.
What does diploid (2n) mean?
Diploid means having 2 sets of chromosomes.
What does haploid (n) mean?
Haploid means having half the normal number of chromosomes.
What does polyploid mean?
Polyploid means having three or more sets of chromosomes.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 46 chromosomes (2n = 46).
What are homologous chromosomes?
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and carry the same genes but may have different alleles.
What are sister chromatids?
Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome, joined together by a centromere.
What is a locus?
A locus is the specific location of a gene on a chromosome.
What is a centromere?
A centromere is the region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are joined together.
What is chromatin?
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of a cell.
What is DNA?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.
