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COSC95 PL Midterms > Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Over _____ languages were being used on defense projects (based on survey by US DoD in 1970s).

A

500

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2
Q

When was Autocode made?

A

1952

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3
Q

What are the languages developed during the mid-1950s? (3)

A

FORTRAN, LISP & COBOL

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4
Q

When was FORTRAN developed?

A

1957

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5
Q

When was LISP developed?

A

1958

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6
Q

When was COBOL developed?

A

1959

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7
Q

What were the programming languages developed during the 1960s? (4)

A

ALGOL, BASIC, PL/I & PASCAL

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8
Q

When was ALGOL developed?

A

1958 — 1960

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9
Q

When was BASIC developed?

A

1964

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10
Q

When was PL/I developed?

A

1964

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11
Q

When was PASCAL developed?

A

1970

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12
Q

What is included in the development of early languages? (7)

A

Numerically Based Language
FLOW-MATIC (B-0)
FORTRAN
Algorithmic Language (ALGOL)
Information Processing Language
Basic Combined Programming Language (BCPL)
Combined Programming Language (CPL)

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13
Q

In the 1940s, the main role for computers during WWII was solving differential equations to determine ballistics trajectories.

A

Numerically Based Languages

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14
Q

Who developed Speedcoding in the 1950s and FORTRAN in 1957?

A

John Backus

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15
Q

Developed by Grace Hopper in 1955, to develop business applications with a form of English-like text.

A

FLOW-MATIC (B-0)

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16
Q

Stands for Formula Translator; developed by Backus in 1957; oriented around numerical calculations.

A

FORTRAN

17
Q

What was the goal of FORTRAN as a programming language? (3)

A

Control Structures
Conditionals
Input/Output Statements

18
Q

When and where was the information processing language created?

A

RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1956

19
Q

Who were the proponents behind the information processing language?

A

Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw
& Herbert A. Simon

20
Q

Performs simple problem-solving actions such as:
 lists
 dynamic memory allocation
 data types
 recursion
 functions as arguments
 generators
 cooperative multitasking

A

Information Processing Language

21
Q

Also called B; is procedural, imperative, and structured; the language on which C programming language was based; the first braced programming language.

A

BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language)

22
Q

The one who first implemented B in the University of Cambridge.

A

Martin Richards

23
Q

When was B first implemented?

A

1967

24
Q

Heavily influenced by ALGOL 60; intended for wider application area than scientific calculations.

A

Combined Programming Language (CPL)

25
Q

Enumerate the Evolution of Software Architecture. (10)

A

Define Operating/Target Environment
Define Host Environment
The Mainframe Era
Batch Environment
Interactive Environment
Personal Computers
Networking Era Distributed Computing
Internet
Scientific
Artificial Intelligence

26
Q

Computers became progressively smaller, cheaper, and faster.

A

1970s

27
Q

Apple released the Apple II, the first true commercial PC.

A

1978

28
Q

PC was released by IBM.

A

1981

29
Q

Apple announced Macintosh computer during US superbowl; contained windows-based GUI with a mouse
; technology was previously developed by Xerox

A

January 1984

30
Q

The first commercial application.

A

Macintosh

31
Q

A large mainframe dominated between the 1940s and 1970s; a single, expensive computer filled a room and required many technicians.

A

The Mainframe Era

32
Q

Facilitate communication between computers; used a client-server model.

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

33
Q

The uses of computers in the networking era distributed computing. (3)

A

Payroll
Report Writing
Order Processing

34
Q

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) wanted to link mainframes via network to aid military information transfer.

A

1970s

35
Q

Berners-Lee developed the HTML Hyperlink at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire).

A

1989

36
Q

Mosaic Web Browser and HTTP led to the internet.

A

1993

37
Q

Characterized by solution of math equations:
 Numerical Analysis
 Differential Equations
 Integral Functions
 Generating Statistics

A

Scientific

38
Q

Relatively new research area; LISP-dominated; programs search through large data spaces

A

Artificial Intelligence

39
Q

The role of programming languages. (5)

A

Computer Capabilities
Applications
Programming Methods
Implementation Methods
Theoretical Studies

COSC95 PL Midterms (2 decks)

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