Lesson 2

Question 1

Is any factor or property that a researcher measures, controls, and/or manipulates. it is also the building blocks of quantitative methods; central concepts in research, concepts that can be measured by indicators. Indicators can be numerical values or categories.

Answer 1

Variable

Question 2

These are variables with values that describe a measurable numerical quantity and answer the questions “how many” or “how much.” These
values are considered as quantitative data.

Answer 2

Numerical Variables

Question 3

These variables take fractional (non-whole
number) values that can either be positive or negative. E.g., time, age, temperature, height, and weight.

Answer 3

Continuous Variables ( Numerical Variables)

Question 4

These variables are countable whole numbers. It does not take negative values or values between fixed points. (E.g., number of registered cars, number of business locations, number of children in the family, population of students, and number of children in the family.)

Answer 4

Discrete variable ( Numerical Variables)

Question 5

has the property of interval variable and has a clear definition of zero (Ex: Weight)

Answer 5

Ratio ( Continues Variables)

Question 6

a measurement where the difference between the two values have meaning (Ex: temperature)

Answer 6

Interval ( Continues Variables )

Question 7

These are variables with values that describe a quality or characteristic of data unit like “what type” or “which category”

Answer 7

Categorical Variables

Question 8

These variables represent only two categories. Some examples are gender (male and female), answer (yes or no), and veracity (true or false

Answer 8

Dichotomous variables ( Categorical variables)

Question 9

These are variables that have many
categories. Some examples are educational attainment (elementary, high school, college, graduate, and postgraduate), level of performance (excellent, very good, good, satisfactory, or poor).

Answer 9

Polychotomus variables ( Categorical variables)

Question 10

These variables are usually manipulated in an experiment. Thus, it is also called manipulated or explanatory variable.

Answer 10

Independent variables ( Experimental Variables)

Question 11

These variables are also called mediating or intervening variables. These variables are already existing during the conduct of an experiment and could influence the result of the study. They are known as covariate variables

Answer 11

Extraneous variables ( Experimental Variables)

Question 12

These variables are usually affected by the manipulation of the independent variables. They are also called response or predicted variable.

Answer 12

Dependent variables ( Experimental Variables)

Question 13

These variables are usually influenced by the
predictor variables.

Answer 13

Criterion Variables ( Non-Experimental Variables)

Question 14

These variables changes the other variable/s in a non- experimental study.

Answer 14

Predictor Variables ( Non- Experimental Variables)

Question 15

Only one variable is being studied

Answer 15

Univariate Study

Question 16

More than 2 variables are being studied

Answer 16

Polyvariate Study

Question 17

Two variables are being studied

Answer 17

Bivariate Study