Lesson 2 Flashcards
Job of a computer?
TO take in data, manipulate it, and spit out that same data in a different way.
Who was Alan Turing?
A British engineer who created a code breaker machine. Basically a computer.
What is data?
They are raw facts.
What two categories can data be divided into?
Quantitative or numbers and Qualitative or descriptive.
What is information?
It is processed data that posses context, relevance, and purpose. Information uses involves manipulation of the raw data to obtain an purpose.
What is knowledge?
It is collection of human beliefs or perceptions. Knowledge is information that facilitates action.
What are the 2 categories of Knowledge?
Explicit and tacit
What is explicit knowledge?
knowledge that is expressed as words or numbers
What is tacit knowledge?
knowledge that includes intuition and insight. It is hard to communicate. Tacit knowledge can be knowing that being good at math can help you become successful.
What is Wisdom?
It is the combination of knowledge and experience to have a deeper understanding of a topic.
Order knowledge, wisdom, data, and information correctly in order from least to most cumulative.
Data -> information -> knowledge -> wisdom
What is a database?
taking data and applying context to allow the user to draw conclusions.
What is a relational database?
Data organized into tables/relations.
What is a Boolean?
a data type with only two possible values like yes or no.
Paragraph text?
Used to store data longer than 256 characters.
What is text?
stores non-numeric data for under 256 characters.
What is an object in a database?
A data type that allows storage of data that cannot be entered using the keyboard such as an image.
Who created the internet?
DARPA who was created by the united states government.
Why was the internet created?
to ensure that the U.S. wouldn’t be surprised again as the USSR launched a satellite called Sputnik into space. This was during the cold war when both countries wanted to obtain information and militaristic advatanges.
Internet meaning?
interconnected network of networks.
More networks were made for different organizations who all used different protocols. This led to communication problems. What was the solution?
The creation of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
Packet definition?
Fundamental unit of data transmitted over the internet.
Switch definition?
A network device that connects multiple hosts together and forwards packets within a LAN.
Router?
A device that receives and analyzes packets and then routes them towards a destination.
Ip address?
every device on the internet has a unique identifying number called an IP.
Domain name?
A domain name is a human friendly term to reach a website instead of typing in an IP address.
DNS?
DNS means domain name server or system. It acts as the directory of websites on the internet
Protocol?
A protocol is the set of rules that governs how communications work on a network.
What is the WWB?
The world wide web is simply a part of the internet. It is made up of HTML pages that are viewed on web browsers.
What does Metcalfe’s Law do?
Describes the power of networking. The value of a network is equal to the square of the number of users connected to it. 10 users is a value of 100.
what is Cryptography?
Study of secreting writing such as codes and ciphers.
What are the 3 parts of the Information security triad?
Integrity, availability and confidentiality.
Integrity
Assurance that information being accessed has not been altered.
Availability?
information can be accessed and modified by anyone who is authorized to do so.
Confidentiality?
Only those who need or authorized to see information can access it.
What is authentication?
A way to identify someone. Such as through a password, a card, or biometrics.
What is encryption?
Process of encoding data upon storage so only authorized people can see it.
Firewalls?
A hardware firewall is a device that connects to the network and filters packets based on rules. A software firewall runs on an operating system and intercepts packets coming into the computer.
What is the Caesar cipher?
used by Caesar and means to just shift text by a specific amount.
What is the Vigenere Cipher?
Used by the confederates. Uses the number of letters after a specific letter. For example A is the letter and COD is the key. Wed would be W+2 = Y, E + 14 = S, D + 3 = G
What is ethics?
A set of moral principles.
What is intellectual property?
Property that derives from the work of a mind.
