LESSON 2 Flashcards
The early settlers built a retaining wall around the village, and constructed round houses with floors sunk below ground level. Villagers cultivated barley and emmer, herded goats, and supplemented their diet by hunting wild animals and gathering nuts.
BEIDA
Compact and irregular, have been deduced as square in shape with hearth in the middle of a room. This type of dwelling had become the basis for further development of Georgian architecture, especially for the construction of dome on the cross cupola apses. The cultural layers of the settlements were filled with objects such as stone, bone, horn and clay.
IMIRIS GORA
An Archaeological site on the island of Cyprus dating from the Neolithic age. Excavations have shown that the settlement consisted of circular houses built from mudbrick and stone and that it was protected by successive walls. It has been listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1998. It is also known as the most important and best preserved prehistoric sites of the Mediterranean.
KHIROKITIA
Settlement built and settled circa 10,000-8,000 BC, Israel. The dwellings were cut into the earth, had subterranean floors, and walls that were built of dry stone. Wooden posts supported the roofs, which were probably thatches with brushwood or animal hides. Hearths were located within the dwellings.
AIN MALLAHA
Prehistoric archaeological site in Nineveh Province, Iraq. The site appears to have been a specialized artisan village producing exceptionally fine polychrome pottery. The settlement had cobbled streets, rectangular buildings and other circular buildings with domed vaults.
ARPACHIYA
Dated back 7040 BC early human settlement. Housing consisted of grouped units surrounding an inner courtyard. Each dwelling was built on a foundation of stone to protect against water damage. Walls were made of wood and mud-brick that was mortared with lime. Wooden poles were located within each unit to support a flat roof. It is generally believed that these houses had an upper story made of wood.
HACILAR
An agricultural community dating back to 7090 BC (Iraq). This small village consisted of some twenty five houses, with adobe walls and sundried mud roofs, which rested on stone foundations, with a simple floor plan dug from the earth.
JARMO
A specialized settlement and trading post that flourished c. 6200-c. 5750 bc and is an early ceramic site with distinctive architectural features.
Architectural features; three blocks of double or triple rows of small, well-built, rectilinear compartments (each c. 1.5x2.0 m) defined three sides of a large open area. Their size and lack of household features indicate they were used for storage; the overall layout suggests a planned construction. Beyond these were small, irregular one- to three-roomed houses. Exterior ovens opened into the interior for hearths that had chimneys.
Umm Dabaghiyah
A prehistoric site near Karaman. At the main mound a structure dubbed ‘the Plaster Room’ was found at the excavation’s outset. The pottery showed the buildings to date to around 4750 BC. Some interesting figurines were discovered, as were fragments of painted, geometric decorations on the architecture.
Can Hasan
Neolithic archaeological culture in northern Mesopotamia dating to the early sixth millennium BC. Adobe dwellings built around open central courts with fine painted pottery replace earlier levels with crude pottery. Hand axes, sickles, grinding stones, bins, baking ovens and numerous bones of domesticated animals reflect settled agricultural life. Female figurines have been related to worship and jar burials.
Tell Hassuna
The villagers were the first known to practice an early form of irrigation using the Tigris waters. The site also contained large empty rooms, possibly granaries and large (up to 12 rooms), well planned houses built of sun dried mud brick. The central part of the village was protected from possible invaders by a three meters deep ditch with a thick buttressed mud wall.
Tell Es-Sawwan
It is the very first city in the world. A very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia (Turkey), which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC, and flourished around 7000 BC.
Catalhöyük
Natural underground space, large enough for human.
CAVES
Primitive dwelling, which may be constructed of various local materials such as branches, fabric, mud, leaves and stones.
HUTS
Open air located on the slopes of Mount Boron in Nice (Italy) The inhabitants lived in huts on the beach. In the center of each was a fireplace, with ashes showing that the inhabitants had domesticated fire. These vestiges included low walls of stones and beach pebbles, placed to the northwest of the fireplaces, which would have sheltered the fire from the strong Mistral wind.
Hut-Terra Amata
