Lesson 1B Flashcards
What is a SOHO router and its primary functions?
A SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) router is a device used in small networks to connect local devices to the internet. Its primary functions include:
Routing: Forwarding traffic between the local network (LAN) and the internet (WAN).
Switching: Connecting multiple devices within the local network.
Wireless Access Point: Providing Wi-Fi connectivity.
Firewall: Filtering and securing network traffic.
What physical connections does a SOHO router typically provide?
A SOHO router typically provides:
RJ-45 Ports: For connecting local devices to the LAN.
Wireless Antennas: For transmitting and receiving Wi-Fi signals.
WAN Port: Often an RJ-45 or RJ-11 port to connect to the ISP’s network for internet access.
How does the Physical Layer (Layer 1) function in a SOHO router?
The Physical Layer in a SOHO router handles:
Physical Connections: Includes cables (RJ-45, RJ-11) and wireless signals.
Signaling: Transmits raw bits over physical media.
Topology: Defines how nodes are physically connected (e.g., cabling layout).
What is the role of the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) in a SOHO router?
The Data Link Layer in a SOHO router:
Ethernet Switch: Connects the LAN ports internally.
Wireless Access Point: Bridges the wireless network with the wired LAN, creating a single logical network.
MAC Addresses: Identifies devices on the local network.
What is the function of an Ethernet switch in a SOHO router?
An Ethernet switch in a SOHO router connects multiple devices via RJ-45 ports, allowing them to communicate within the local network by forwarding frames based on MAC addresses.
How does the Network Layer (Layer 3) function in a SOHO router?
The Network Layer in a SOHO router:
Routing: Manages traffic between the local network (LAN) and the internet (WAN) using IP addresses.
IP Addressing: Assigns private IP addresses to devices on the LAN and manages the router’s public IP address.
What is the role of the Transport Layer (Layer 4) in network security for a SOHO router?
The Transport Layer manages communication protocols using port numbers (e.g., HTTP on port 80). The SOHO router’s firewall uses these port numbers to filter and control access based on applications and services.
How does the SOHO router use the firewall to secure network traffic?
The SOHO router’s firewall:
Filters Traffic: Based on source and destination IP addresses and port numbers.
Blocks/Allows Ports: For specific services (e.g., blocking SMB ports from the WAN to prevent external access to shared files).
What is the purpose of a modem in a SOHO router setup?
The modem in a SOHO router connects to the ISP’s network, translating internet signals from the ISP into a format that the router can use. It typically connects via a WAN port and can be cable or DSL-based.
How does a SOHO router integrate wireless and wired networks?
A SOHO router integrates wireless and wired networks by:
Wireless Access Point: Provides Wi-Fi connectivity to wireless devices.
Ethernet Switch: Connects wired devices.
Bridging: The router connects the wireless and wired segments, making them part of a single network.
What is the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and how does it relate to SOHO routers?
The PSTN is a network of telephone lines used for internet access. In a SOHO setup, the router connects to the PSTN via a modem to provide internet access. The router acts as customer premises equipment (CPE) connected to the local loop.
What are Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) and their role in the internet?
IXPs are high-bandwidth facilities where ISPs interconnect their networks to exchange traffic. They allow different networks to communicate and share data efficiently across the internet.
What is the role of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)?
IANA manages the allocation of IP addresses and the top-level domain space. It assigns address blocks to regional registries, which then allocate them to local registries and ISPs.
What does the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) do?
The IETF develops and promotes internet standards through Requests for Comments (RFCs). It addresses internet protocols, services, and policies to ensure interoperability and innovation.
How is network security addressed in the OSI model?
Network security is implemented across all layers of the OSI model. Each layer can have security measures, such as encryption at the Presentation Layer, access control at the Application Layer, and firewalls at the Network Layer.
