lesson Flashcards
Reflecting a use-it-or-lose-it approach, unused synaptic connections are eliminated during infancy and childhood in a process called:
Pruning
Psychologists often mention B. F. Skinner when asked to name the most influential psychologist of the twentieth century. Based on a survey of British psychologists, _____ is another worthy contender for the title.
Jean piaget
Beginning at around ___ months, children may greet strangers by crying and reaching for their familiar caregivers.
8 months
The topic of maturation is MOST likely to arise in a conversation concerning _____ development.
biological
Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communication.
TRUE OR FALSE
Julia was born in France. For the first 3 years of her life, she spoke both French and English. Then she moved to the United States. From age 3 on, she only spoke English. Now, as a high school student, Julia will study French. It is MOST likely that she will have less difficulty with the French accent.
TRUE
The ability to incorporate new information within existing mental representations of the world is called:
assimilation
In one study described in the textbook, infants with difficult temperaments were randomly assigned to either a condition in which their mothers received sensitivity training or a condition in which their mothers received no training. In this study, infants whose mothers received sensitivity training were in the _____ group.
experimental
The local hospital has publicized for years that new parents should have their babies sleep on their backs and not their stomachs in order to reduce incidences of crib death. How might following this good advice impact their baby’s development?
Crawling will be delayed
Vygotsky used the term _____ to refer to a framework offering children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking.
scaffold
Leanne is 5 months old. Chastity is 8 months old. Dominique is 25 months old. Which infant should show the MOST evidence of stranger anxiety?
Chastity
The orderly sequence of biological growth is referred to as _____.
maturation
An individual will fail to develop language capabilities if they are not exposed to language before adolescence. This BEST illustrates the concept of a(n) _____ period in development.
critical
With respect to Piaget’s theory, object permanence is to pretend play as the _____ stage of cognitive development is to the _____ stage.
sensorimotor; preoperational
Maturation refers mainly to _____ development.
biological
The importance of schemas was MOST clearly highlighted by:
Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory.
Harry Harlow and his colleagues completed a number of studies in which baby macaque monkeys were raised with two artificial surrogate mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire, and the other was made of soft cloth. Either mother could provide food. Harlow found that when the infant monkeys were startled or frightened, they:
preferred the cloth surrogate, even if it provided no food
Even as adults, people sometimes find that new experiences fit easily into their “mental boxes,” their knowledge frameworks. Other times, new experiences may force people to “think outside the box” and expand their mental frameworks. These two sentences align with Piaget’s concepts of _____ and _____, respectively.
assimilation; accomodation
An infant with _____ attachment is disturbed at his mother’s departure in the strange situation but is easily soothed on her return.
secure
Launched in 1994 in the United States, the Back to Sleep campaign:
resulted in far fewer babies sleeping on their stomachs and a concomitant drop in the rate of crib death.
Leslie is in the tenth grade and is currently taking calculus. She is doing very well and has even earned an A in the class. Leslie is MOST likely in which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
formal operational
Five-year-old Otto complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Otto’s mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy because he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of:
conservation
The term the textbook uses to describe the ability to rebound from adversity and go on to lead a better life is called _____.
resilience
During prenatal development, the brain cortex peaks at producing neurons at _____ weeks after gestation.
28
Nature is to nurture as _____ is to _____.
maturation; experience
Carolyn Rovee-Collier’s research on infants revealed that:
infants remember specific associations.
Three-year-old Sam is talking to his grandmother on the phone. He says, “Look what I got today.” Sam’s mom explains that his grandmother cannot see him. Is Sam’s mom wasting her time explaining?
Yes, Sam has not developed a theory of mind yet.
Which statement BEST captures the relationship between development and maturation?
a. Development and maturation refer to distinct processes.
b.Development and maturation are the same thing.
c.Development is one type of maturation.
d.Maturation is one type of development.
d. Maturation is one type of development
Which of Baumrind’s parenting styles is associated with the BEST developmental outcomes for children?
authoritative
This week Andrea is babysitting twins, Cassy and Nikki. She served the girls brownies, and Cassy complained that her sister had more brownies than her. Andrea divided one of Cassy’s brownies in half and asked her if it was now fair. Cassy replied, “No, all you did was cut it in half.” Cassy is now in which stage of cognitive development according to Piaget’s theory?
concrete operational
Sharon’s father demands total obedience from his children. When he speaks, he expects his children to listen. There is no discussion and no arguing. He has zero tolerance for anyone breaking the rules he has decreed. Sharon’s father has a(n) _____ parenting style.
authoritarian
