5b. infancy and childhood Flashcards
use it or lose it idea
pruning
putting babies to sleep on their backs to reduce crib-death risks
back to sleep positio
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
cognition
a concept or framework that organized and interprets information
schema
interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
assimilate
adapting out current understandings to incorporate new information
accomodate
from birth to nearly age 2
sensorimotor stage
the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
object permanence
until about age 6 or 7
preoperational stage
at which a child learns to use language but doesn’t yet comprehend the material operation of concrete logic
preoperational stage
before about the age of 6, children lack the concept of ____
conservation
the principle remains the same despite changes in shape
conservation
the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another POV
egocentric
by about age 7, children enter the stage ____
concrete operational stage
the stage of cognitive development at which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
concrete operational stage
by the age of 12, entering the stage of _____
formal operational stage
at which people began to think logically about abstract concept
formal operational stage
order of cognitive stages
sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational
he emphasized how the child mind’s grows through interaction with the social environment
Vygotsky
a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking
scaffold
people’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states
theory of mind
the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by abut 8 months of age
stranger anxiety
an emotional tie with others
attachment
an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development
critical period
the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during an early life
imprinting
who designed strange situation experiment
mary ainstworth
who had a monkey study about attachement
harry harlow
what are the four parenting styles
authoritarian. permissive, neglectful, authoritative
parents that impose rules and expect obedience
authoritarian
parents that make few demands, set few limits, and use little punishment
permissive
parents that are neither demanding nor responsive
neglectful
parents that are both demanding and responsive.
authoritative
parents that exerts control by setting rules but also encourage open discussion and allow exceptions
authoritative
