Lesson 17 - Water Resource Management, Sanitation and Conservation Flashcards

1
Q

Issues in Water Resources Management

A

Water problems…
Groundwater extraction rising
Watershed management
Coastal and Marine Resources
Coral reefs in poor conditions
Water demand growing rapidly
Agricultures use dominates
Access to water supply varies

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2
Q

As it is, due primarily to geographical and climatic factors, water scarcity now affects some 450 million people in 29 countries. Eventually, however, as the demand for water continues to expand, severe water shortages will extend to many other countries, not just those in arid regions. The UN estimates that about 5.5 million people or as much as two-thirds of the world’s populations is in danger of facing inadequate water supplies by 2025

A

Water problems…

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3
Q

The percent production of groundwater in the Philippines is estimated at about 2,518 MCM/year. As much as 65 percent of groundwater abstraction may be carried out without the required permit. Furthermore, with no metering system in place and no effective monitoring, those with permits generally withdraw 20-60 percent more than their allowable levels.

A

Groundwater extraction rising

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4
Q

comprise about 70 percent of the country’s total land area –covering 421 river basins, of which 18 are considered major. The drainage areas of these watersheds range from 5,000 to 2.5 million hectares. Many of the major basins are now considered in critical condition due to over-exploitation and mismanagement. Their degradation has resulted in accelerated soil erosions, surface drought and other imbalances in the ecosystem

A

Watershed management

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5
Q

The Philippines marine territorial waters cover about 2.2 million square kilometers – including the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 1.9 million square kilometers (88 percent) of ocean waters and 267,000 square kilometers (12percent) of coastal waters.

A

Coastal and Marine Resources

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6
Q

The Philippines has one of the largest coral reef areas in the world-covering about 27,000 square kilometers. Nearly one third of all fish species live on the reefs, while others are dependent on them and on seagrass beds at various stages in their life cycles. Almost 55 percent of fish consumed in the country depends on coral reefs.

A

Coral reefs in poor conditions

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7
Q

Water demand nationwide is expected to grow from 43.000 MCM/year in 2000 to 88, 400 MCM/year by 2025. In Metro Manila, water demand for all users increased by over 200 percent between 1981 and 1997, from 2,000 to 4,100 million liters/day.

A

Water demand growing rapidly

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8
Q

Agriculture accounts for 86 percent of water use, while industrial and domestic usage are limited to 7 percent each. In the agriculture sector, irrigation is the biggest water user, accounting for 72. 6 percent of total water (25,000 MCM in 1996)

A

Agricultures use dominates

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9
Q

One study reported that as of 1995, 72 percent of all Filipino were served by a public water system, with 68 percent in Urban areas and 75 percent in rural areas. However, service levels vary greatly. It is estimated that non the population of the Philippines as of May 1, 2000 is roughly 76.5 M persons.

A

Access to water supply varies

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