lesson 17 Flashcards
intro
body’s defenses are integrated
distinguish self from non-self invaders
-innate immunity
-adaptive immunity
innate immunity overview
-physical and chemical barrier to pathogen entry
-recognition of pathogens by receptors
-cytokines attract immune cells
-complement forms MAC
-inflammatory response speeds immune cell response
-adaptive immune system is signaled
barriers to infection
Skin:
oil and sweat with lysozymes
antimicrobial peptides
beneficial bacteria and fungi
3 other potential routes of infection
digestive tract
respiratory tract
urogenital tract
innate immunity and diverse responses to pathogen
innate immunity receptors
signal transduction pathway-> coordinated response
cytokines:interferons
antimicrobial peptides: defensins
complement: MAC
innate immunity cells (leukocytes)
natural killer cell
monocyte
macrophage
neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
mast cell
dendritic cell
natural killer cell
destroy virus infected cells
monocyte
precursor to macrophage
macrophage
engulf target cells
neutrophil
engulf target cells
eosinophil
destroy parasites
basophil
secrete histamine
mast cell
secrete histamine
dendritic cell
antigen presenting cell
innate inflammatory response
-chemical alarm systems activated by injury or infection
-vasodilation
-increased permeability of capillaries
-cell recruitment
-cytokine release
-fever
5 hallmarks of inflammation
-heat
-redness
-swelling
-pain
-possible loss of function
adaptive immunity
antigen
epitopes
adaptive immunity overview
-lymphocytes
-diversity
-specificity
-memory
organ support and immune system
-primary lymphoid organs:
bone marrow-> B cells
thymus->t cells
secondary lymphoid organs
lymph nodes
spleen
mucosa associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)
adaptive immune cells
-lymphocytes:
B cells
antibodies
humoral immunity
T cells
cell mediated immunity
major histocompatibility complex proteins
-the proteins that direct cell-mediated immune response
-unique for each individual
-mark cells as self
-present fragments of other proteins
helper T cells
cytokines signal other cells
determine cell mediated or humoral response
cell mediated immunity
cytotoxic T cells
humoral immunity and antibody production
B cell activated by helper T cell
B cells produce antibodies (a.k.a) immunoglobulins
antibody strucutre
heavy and light chains
antibody specificity variable region
binding of antibody w/antigen
diversity: unique variable regions
immunoglobulin classes
-5 classes different funtions
immunological memory
-primary response: slow
-secondary response: fast
malfunctions of the immune system
-autoimmune disease
-allergies
immediate hypersensitivity
systemic anaphylaxis and anaphylactic
local anaphylaxis
